Search for Efficient Large Language Models
On the map: Efficient LLM inference and serving → Early exit and edge inference
Abstract (arXiv)
Large Language Models (LLMs) have long held sway in the realms of artificial intelligence research. Numerous efficient techniques, including weight pruning, quantization, and distillation, have been embraced to compress LLMs, targeting memory reduction and inference acceleration, which underscore the redundancy in LLMs. However, most model compression techniques concentrate on weight optimization, overlooking the exploration of optimal architectures. Besides, traditional architecture search methods, limited by the elevated complexity with extensive parameters, struggle to demonstrate their effectiveness on LLMs. In this paper, we propose a training-free architecture search framework to identify optimal subnets that preserve the fundamental strengths of the original LLMs while achieving inference acceleration. Furthermore, after generating subnets that inherit specific weights from the original LLMs, we introduce a reformation algorithm that utilizes the omitted weights to rectify the inherited weights with a small amount of calibration data. Compared with SOTA training-free structured pruning works that can generate smaller networks, our method demonstrates superior performance across standard benchmarks. Furthermore, our generated subnets can directly reduce the usage of GPU memory and achieve inference acceleration. Code: https://github.com/shawnricecake/search-llm
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Early exit and edge inference, one of 12 directions in Efficient LLM inference and serving. Builds on 34 of its 54 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Sep 2024.
Builds on
34 of 54 references.
References · 34
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
- 2018Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challengecited by 4,710
- 2019HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?cited by 4,018
- 2022OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Modelscited by 3,464
- 2016Pointer Sentinel Mixture Modelscited by 2,992
- 2019PIQA: Reasoning about Physical Commonsense in Natural Languagecited by 2,818
- 2019BoolQ: Exploring the Surprising Difficulty of Natural Yes/No Questionscited by 2,140
- 2018Can a Suit of Armor Conduct Electricity? A New Dataset for Open Book Question Answeringcited by 2,114
22 more
- 2022BLOOM: A 176B-Parameter Open-Access Multilingual Language Modelcited by 1,968
- 2022SmoothQuant: Accurate and Efficient Post-Training Quantization for Large Language Modelscited by 1,338
- 2023SparseGPT: Massive Language Models Can Be Accurately Pruned in One-Shotcited by 1,090
- 2017Sigmoid-Weighted Linear Units for Neural Network Function Approximation in Reinforcement Learningcited by 935
- 2023A Simple and Effective Pruning Approach for Large Language Modelscited by 776
- 2023LLM-Pruner: On the Structural Pruning of Large Language Modelscited by 643
- 2019Patient Knowledge Distillation for BERT Model Compressioncited by 502
- 2024SliceGPT: Compress Large Language Models by Deleting Rows and Columnscited by 378
- 2023Fluctuation-based Adaptive Structured Pruning for Large Language Modelscited by 110
- 2020Contrastive Distillation on Intermediate Representations for Language Model Compressioncited by 57
- 2022Advancing Model Pruning via Bi-level Optimizationcited by 55
- 2021Achieving on-Mobile Real-Time Super-Resolution with Neural Architecture and Pruning Searchcited by 34
- 2020Meta-KD: A Meta Knowledge Distillation Framework for Language Model Compression across Domainscited by 33
- 2023Agile-Quant: Activation-Guided Quantization for Faster Inference of LLMs on the Edgecited by 33
- 2021ViTAS: Vision Transformer Architecture Searchcited by 31
- 2022Pruning-as-Search: Efficient Neural Architecture Search via Channel Pruning and Structural Reparameterizationcited by 31
- 2022Compiler-Aware Neural Architecture Search for On-Mobile Real-time Super-Resolutioncited by 20
- 2024Squat: Quant Small Language Models on the Edgecited by 16
- 2023DeepMAD: Mathematical Architecture Design for Deep Convolutional Neural Networkcited by 14
- 2020A Privacy-Preserving-Oriented DNN Pruning and Mobile Acceleration Frameworkcited by 13
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- 2018An ADMM-Based Universal Framework for Adversarial Attacks on Deep Neural Networkscited by 6
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 11; 2026: 2.
13 papers.
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- 2025Jet-Nemotron: Efficient Language Model with Post Neural Architecture Searchcited by 39
- 2025VOTE: Vision-Language-Action Optimization with Trajectory Ensemble Votingcited by 22
- 2025RoRA: Efficient Fine-Tuning of LLM with Reliability Optimization for Rank Adaptationcited by 9
- 2025QuartDepth: Post-Training Quantization for Real-Time Depth Estimation on the Edgecited by 7
- 2025T'yr-the-Pruner: Structural Pruning LLMs via Global Sparsity Distribution Optimizationcited by 4
- 2025Open-Source Multimodal Moxin Models with Moxin-VLM and Moxin-VLAcited by 4
- 2025Collaborative Compression for Large-Scale MoE Deployment on Edgecited by 3
- 2025ZeroLM: Data-Free Transformer Architecture Search for Language Modelscited by 2
- 2025SPAP: Structured Pruning via Alternating Optimization and Penalty Methodscited by 1
- 2025TSLA: A Task-Specific Learning Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation on Autonomous Vehicles Platformcited by 1
- 2025FastForward Pruning: Efficient LLM Pruning via Single-Step Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026Fine-Tuning Qwen3-27B for C-to-Rust Code Translation: A Three-Stage Curriculum of Pretraining, Debugging-Aware SFT, and Task-Specific SFTcited by 0
1 more
- 2026LEAP: Learned Block-wise Evidence Retrieval for Long Audio-Video Perception30 Sep 2026
- 2026Fine-Tuning Qwen3-27B for C-to-Rust Code Translation: A Three-Stage Curriculum of Pretraining, Debugging-Aware SFT, and Task-Specific SFT13 Aug 2026
- 2025Open-Source Multimodal Moxin Models with Moxin-VLM and Moxin-VLA22 Dec 2025
- 2025FastForward Pruning: Efficient LLM Pruning via Single-Step Reinforcement Learning24 Nov 2025
- 2025Collaborative Compression for Large-Scale MoE Deployment on Edge30 Sep 2025
- 2025Jet-Nemotron: Efficient Language Model with Post Neural Architecture Search21 Aug 2025
- 2025TSLA: A Task-Specific Learning Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation on Autonomous Vehicles Platform17 Aug 2025
- 2025VOTE: Vision-Language-Action Optimization with Trajectory Ensemble Voting7 Jul 2025
- 2025SPAP: Structured Pruning via Alternating Optimization and Penalty Methods6 May 2025
- 2025ZeroLM: Data-Free Transformer Architecture Search for Language Models24 Mar 2025
- 2025QuartDepth: Post-Training Quantization for Real-Time Depth Estimation on the Edge20 Mar 2025
- 2025T'yr-the-Pruner: Structural Pruning LLMs via Global Sparsity Distribution Optimization12 Mar 2025
- 2025Jet-Nemotron: Efficient Language Model with Post Neural Architecture Searchcited by 39
- 2025RoRA: Efficient Fine-Tuning of LLM with Reliability Optimization for Rank Adaptationcited by 9
- 2025QuartDepth: Post-Training Quantization for Real-Time Depth Estimation on the Edgecited by 7
- 2025T'yr-the-Pruner: Structural Pruning LLMs via Global Sparsity Distribution Optimizationcited by 4
- 2025Open-Source Multimodal Moxin Models with Moxin-VLM and Moxin-VLAcited by 4
- 2025ZeroLM: Data-Free Transformer Architecture Search for Language Modelscited by 2
- 2025SPAP: Structured Pruning via Alternating Optimization and Penalty Methodscited by 1
- 2025TSLA: A Task-Specific Learning Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation on Autonomous Vehicles Platformcited by 1
- 2025FastForward Pruning: Efficient LLM Pruning via Single-Step Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026Fine-Tuning Qwen3-27B for C-to-Rust Code Translation: A Three-Stage Curriculum of Pretraining, Debugging-Aware SFT, and Task-Specific SFTcited by 0
- 2026LEAP: Learned Block-wise Evidence Retrieval for Long Audio-Video Perceptioncited by 0
- 2026LEAP: Learned Block-wise Evidence Retrieval for Long Audio-Video Perception30 Sep 2026
- 2026Fine-Tuning Qwen3-27B for C-to-Rust Code Translation: A Three-Stage Curriculum of Pretraining, Debugging-Aware SFT, and Task-Specific SFT13 Aug 2026
- 2025Open-Source Multimodal Moxin Models with Moxin-VLM and Moxin-VLA22 Dec 2025
- 2025FastForward Pruning: Efficient LLM Pruning via Single-Step Reinforcement Learning24 Nov 2025
- 2025Jet-Nemotron: Efficient Language Model with Post Neural Architecture Search21 Aug 2025
- 2025TSLA: A Task-Specific Learning Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation on Autonomous Vehicles Platform17 Aug 2025
- 2025SPAP: Structured Pruning via Alternating Optimization and Penalty Methods6 May 2025
- 2025ZeroLM: Data-Free Transformer Architecture Search for Language Models24 Mar 2025
- 2025QuartDepth: Post-Training Quantization for Real-Time Depth Estimation on the Edge20 Mar 2025
- 2025T'yr-the-Pruner: Structural Pruning LLMs via Global Sparsity Distribution Optimization12 Mar 2025
- 2025RoRA: Efficient Fine-Tuning of LLM with Reliability Optimization for Rank Adaptation8 Jan 2025
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