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KodeXv0.1: A Family of State-of-the-Art Financial Large Language Models

arXiv 2409.13749 ↗First posted 13 Sep 2024cs.CL cs.AI q-fin.CPcited by 0

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Abstract (arXiv)

Although powerful, current cutting-edge LLMs may not fulfil the needs of highly specialised sectors. We introduce KodeXv0.1, a family of large language models that outclass GPT-4 in financial question answering. We utilise the base variants of Llama 3.1 8B and 70B and adapt them to the financial domain through a custom training regime. To this end, we collect and process a large number of publicly available financial documents such as earnings calls and business reports. These are used to generate a high-quality, synthetic dataset consisting of Context-Question-Answer triplets which closely mirror real-world financial tasks. Using the train split of this dataset, we perform RAG-aware 4bit LoRA instruction tuning runs of Llama 3.1 base variants to produce KodeX-8Bv0.1 and KodeX-70Bv0.1. We then complete extensive model evaluations using FinanceBench, FinQABench and the withheld test split of our dataset. Our results show that KodeX-8Bv0.1 is more reliable in financial contexts than cutting-edge instruct models in the same parameter regime, surpassing them by up to 9.24%. In addition, it is even capable of outperforming state-of-the-art proprietary models such as GPT-4 by up to 7.07%. KodeX-70Bv0.1 represents a further improvement upon this, exceeding GPT-4's performance on every tested benchmark.

Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 21 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 Sep 2024.

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References · 21

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
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  4. 2023Direct Preference Optimization: Your Language Model is Secretly a Reward Modelcited by 7,916
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  11. 2023BloombergGPT: A Large Language Model for Financecited by 923
  12. 2022LLM.int8(): 8-bit Matrix Multiplication for Transformers at Scalecited by 881
9 more
  1. 2024OLMo: Accelerating the Science of Language Modelscited by 599
  2. 2024ORPO: Monolithic Preference Optimization without Reference Modelcited by 556
  3. 2021FinQA: A Dataset of Numerical Reasoning over Financial Datacited by 552
  4. 2023FinanceBench: A New Benchmark for Financial Question Answeringcited by 261
  5. 2023Camels in a Changing Climate: Enhancing LM Adaptation with Tulu 2cited by 227
  6. 2022ConvFinQA: Exploring the Chain of Numerical Reasoning in Conversational Finance Question Answeringcited by 194
  7. 2020Training Question Answering Models From Synthetic Datacited by 95
  8. 2024Instruction Tuning With Loss Over Instructionscited by 40
  9. 2024Instruction Fine-Tuning: Does Prompt Loss Matter?cited by 26

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  1. 2024FinLLMs: A Framework for Financial Reasoning Dataset Generation with Large Language Models
  2. 2024Equipping Language Models with Tool Use Capability for Tabular Data Analysis in Finance
  3. 2023DISC-FinLLM: A Chinese Financial Large Language Model based on Multiple Experts Fine-tuning
  4. 2026FinForge: Semi-Synthetic Financial Benchmark Generation
  5. 2024FinBen: A Holistic Financial Benchmark for Large Language Models
  6. 2023Beyond Classification: Financial Reasoning in State-of-the-Art Language Models
  7. 2024FinTextQA: A Dataset for Long-form Financial Question Answering
  8. 2025Evaluating Large Language Models for Financial Reasoning: A CFA-Based Benchmark Study