mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Finding the Subjective Truth: Collecting 2 Million Votes for Comprehensive Gen-AI Model Evaluation

arXiv 2409.11904 ↗First posted 18 Sep 2024cs.CV cs.AIcited by 7

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Abstract (arXiv)

Efficiently evaluating the performance of text-to-image models is difficult as it inherently requires subjective judgment and human preference, making it hard to compare different models and quantify the state of the art. Leveraging Rapidata's technology, we present an efficient annotation framework that sources human feedback from a diverse, global pool of annotators. Our study collected over 2 million annotations across 4,512 images, evaluating four prominent models (DALL-E 3, Flux.1, MidJourney, and Stable Diffusion) on style preference, coherence, and text-to-image alignment. We demonstrate that our approach makes it feasible to comprehensively rank image generation models based on a vast pool of annotators and show that the diverse annotator demographics reflect the world population, significantly decreasing the risk of biases.

Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 11 of its 16 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Sep 2024.

Builds on

11 of 16 references.

References · 11

  1. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  2. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
  3. 2024Scaling Rectified Flow Transformers for High-Resolution Image Synthesiscited by 4,181
  4. 2021GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Modelscited by 3,614
  5. 2022Training-Free Structured Diffusion Guidance for Compositional Text-to-Image Synthesiscited by 388
  6. 2022DiffusionDB: A Large-scale Prompt Gallery Dataset for Text-to-Image Generative Modelscited by 379
  7. 2023T2I-CompBench++: An Enhanced and Comprehensive Benchmark for Compositional Text-to-image Generationcited by 260
  8. 2023HRS-Bench: Holistic, Reliable and Scalable Benchmark for Text-to-Image Modelscited by 95
  9. 2023ImagenHub: Standardizing the evaluation of conditional image generation modelscited by 77
  10. 2022Efficient computation of rankings from pairwise comparisonscited by 31
  11. 2023DEsignBench: Exploring and Benchmarking DALL-E 3 for Imagining Visual Designcited by 17

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 5; 2026: 1.

7 papers.

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  1. 2024GenAI Arena: An Open Evaluation Platform for Generative Models
  2. 2026BAFIS: Dataset + Framework to assess occupational Bias and Human Preference in modern Text-to-image Models
  3. 2024Multimodal Large Language Model is a Human-Aligned Annotator for Text-to-Image Generation
  4. 2024BIGbench: A Unified Benchmark for Evaluating Multi-dimensional Social Biases in Text-to-Image Models
  5. 2024EvalMuse-40K: A Reliable and Fine-Grained Benchmark with Comprehensive Human Annotations for Text-to-Image Generation Model Evaluation
  6. 2022Human Evaluation of Text-to-Image Models on a Multi-Task Benchmark
  7. 2024AGFSync: Leveraging AI-Generated Feedback for Preference Optimization in Text-to-Image Generation
  8. 2025Exposing Blindspots: Cultural Bias Evaluation in Generative Image Models