Correcting FLORES Evaluation Dataset for Four African Languages
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper describes the corrections made to the FLORES evaluation (dev and devtest) dataset for four African languages, namely Hausa, Northern Sotho (Sepedi), Xitsonga, and isiZulu. The original dataset, though groundbreaking in its coverage of low-resource languages, exhibited various inconsistencies and inaccuracies in the reviewed languages that could potentially hinder the integrity of the evaluation of downstream tasks in natural language processing (NLP), especially machine translation. Through a meticulous review process by native speakers, several corrections were identified and implemented, improving the overall quality and reliability of the dataset. For each language, we provide a concise summary of the errors encountered and corrected and also present some statistical analysis that measures the difference between the existing and corrected datasets. We believe that our corrections improve the linguistic accuracy and reliability of the data and, thereby, contribute to a more effective evaluation of NLP tasks involving the four African languages. Finally, we recommend that future translation efforts, particularly in low-resource languages, prioritize the active involvement of native speakers at every stage of the process to ensure linguistic accuracy and cultural relevance.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 8 of its 20 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 1 Sep 2024.
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8 of 20 references.
References · 8
- 2022No Language Left Behind: Scaling Human-Centered Machine Translationcited by 1,290
- 2020COMET: A Neural Framework for MT Evaluationcited by 1,024
- 2021The FLORES-101 Evaluation Benchmark for Low-Resource and Multilingual Machine Translationcited by 556
- 2021Quality at a Glance: An Audit of Web-Crawled Multilingual Datasetscited by 241
- 2022A Few Thousand Translations Go a Long Way! Leveraging Pre-trained Models for African News Translationcited by 97
- 2022Hausa Visual Genome: A Dataset for Multi-Modal English to Hausa Machine Translationcited by 13
- 2023HaVQA: A Dataset for Visual Question Answering and Multimodal Research in Hausa Languagecited by 12
- 2021Low-Resource Language Modelling of South African Languagescited by 10
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 9; 2026: 4.
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- 2025AfriHate: A Multilingual Collection of Hate Speech and Abusive Language Datasets for African Languagescited by 10
- 2025Languages Still Left Behind: Toward a Better Multilingual Machine Translation Benchmarkcited by 7
- 2025Synthetic Voice Data for Automatic Speech Recognition in African Languagescited by 3
- 2025Swivuriso: The South African Next Voices Multilingual Speech Datasetcited by 3
- 2026Alexandria: A Multi-Domain Dialectal Arabic Machine Translation Dataset for Culturally Inclusive and Linguistically Diverse LLMscited by 1
- 2025Comparable Corpora: Opportunities for New Research Directionscited by 0
- 2025NaijaNLP: A Survey of Nigerian Low-Resource Languagescited by 0
- 2025HausaNLP at SemEval-2025 Task 2: Entity-Aware Fine-tuning vs. Prompt Engineering in Entity-Aware Machine Translationcited by 0
- 2025GlotEval: A Test Suite for Massively Multilingual Evaluation of Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2025Automatic Correction of Writing Anomalies in Hausa Textscited by 0
- 2026AfroScope: A Framework for Studying the Linguistic Landscape of Africacited by 0
- 2026The Annotation Scarcity Paradox in Low-Resource NLP Evaluation: A Decade of Acceleration and Emerging Constraintscited by 0
1 more
- 2026AfriScience-MT: Towards Decolonizing Science in Africa through Text Translation28 May 2026
- 2026The Annotation Scarcity Paradox in Low-Resource NLP Evaluation: A Decade of Acceleration and Emerging Constraints18 May 2026
- 2026AfroScope: A Framework for Studying the Linguistic Landscape of Africa19 Jan 2026
- 2026Alexandria: A Multi-Domain Dialectal Arabic Machine Translation Dataset for Culturally Inclusive and Linguistically Diverse LLMs19 Jan 2026
- 2025Swivuriso: The South African Next Voices Multilingual Speech Dataset1 Dec 2025
- 2025Languages Still Left Behind: Toward a Better Multilingual Machine Translation Benchmark28 Aug 2025
- 2025Synthetic Voice Data for Automatic Speech Recognition in African Languages23 Jul 2025
- 2025Automatic Correction of Writing Anomalies in Hausa Texts4 Jun 2025
- 2025GlotEval: A Test Suite for Massively Multilingual Evaluation of Large Language Models5 Apr 2025
- 2025HausaNLP at SemEval-2025 Task 2: Entity-Aware Fine-tuning vs. Prompt Engineering in Entity-Aware Machine Translation25 Mar 2025
- 2025NaijaNLP: A Survey of Nigerian Low-Resource Languages27 Feb 2025
- 2025Comparable Corpora: Opportunities for New Research Directions24 Jan 2025
- 2025AfriHate: A Multilingual Collection of Hate Speech and Abusive Language Datasets for African Languagescited by 10
- 2025Languages Still Left Behind: Toward a Better Multilingual Machine Translation Benchmarkcited by 7
- 2025Synthetic Voice Data for Automatic Speech Recognition in African Languagescited by 3
- 2025Swivuriso: The South African Next Voices Multilingual Speech Datasetcited by 3
- 2026Alexandria: A Multi-Domain Dialectal Arabic Machine Translation Dataset for Culturally Inclusive and Linguistically Diverse LLMscited by 1
- 2025Comparable Corpora: Opportunities for New Research Directionscited by 0
- 2025NaijaNLP: A Survey of Nigerian Low-Resource Languagescited by 0
- 2025HausaNLP at SemEval-2025 Task 2: Entity-Aware Fine-tuning vs. Prompt Engineering in Entity-Aware Machine Translationcited by 0
- 2025GlotEval: A Test Suite for Massively Multilingual Evaluation of Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2025Automatic Correction of Writing Anomalies in Hausa Textscited by 0
- 2026AfroScope: A Framework for Studying the Linguistic Landscape of Africacited by 0
- 2026The Annotation Scarcity Paradox in Low-Resource NLP Evaluation: A Decade of Acceleration and Emerging Constraintscited by 0
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026AfriScience-MT: Towards Decolonizing Science in Africa through Text Translation28 May 2026
- 2026The Annotation Scarcity Paradox in Low-Resource NLP Evaluation: A Decade of Acceleration and Emerging Constraints18 May 2026
- 2026AfroScope: A Framework for Studying the Linguistic Landscape of Africa19 Jan 2026
- 2026Alexandria: A Multi-Domain Dialectal Arabic Machine Translation Dataset for Culturally Inclusive and Linguistically Diverse LLMs19 Jan 2026
- 2025Swivuriso: The South African Next Voices Multilingual Speech Dataset1 Dec 2025
- 2025Languages Still Left Behind: Toward a Better Multilingual Machine Translation Benchmark28 Aug 2025
- 2025Synthetic Voice Data for Automatic Speech Recognition in African Languages23 Jul 2025
- 2025Automatic Correction of Writing Anomalies in Hausa Texts4 Jun 2025
- 2025GlotEval: A Test Suite for Massively Multilingual Evaluation of Large Language Models5 Apr 2025
- 2025HausaNLP at SemEval-2025 Task 2: Entity-Aware Fine-tuning vs. Prompt Engineering in Entity-Aware Machine Translation25 Mar 2025
- 2025NaijaNLP: A Survey of Nigerian Low-Resource Languages27 Feb 2025
- 2025Comparable Corpora: Opportunities for New Research Directions24 Jan 2025
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)