mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Understanding Depth and Height Perception in Large Visual-Language Models

arXiv 2408.11748 ↗First posted 21 Aug 2024cs.CVcited by 8

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Embodied and 3D vision-language models

Abstract (arXiv)

Geometric understanding - including depth and height perception - is fundamental to intelligence and crucial for navigating our environment. Despite the impressive capabilities of large Vision Language Models (VLMs), it remains unclear how well they possess the geometric understanding required for practical applications in visual perception. In this work, we focus on evaluating the geometric understanding of these models, specifically targeting their ability to perceive the depth and height of objects in an image. To address this, we introduce GeoMeter, a suite of benchmark datasets - encompassing 2D and 3D scenarios - to rigorously evaluate these aspects. By benchmarking 18 state-of-the-art VLMs, we found that although they excel in perceiving basic geometric properties like shape and size, they consistently struggle with depth and height perception. Our analysis reveal that these challenges stem from shortcomings in their depth and height reasoning capabilities and inherent biases. This study aims to pave the way for developing VLMs with enhanced geometric understanding by emphasizing depth and height perception as critical components necessary for real-world applications.

Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Embodied and 3D vision-language models, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 31 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Aug 2024.

Builds on

31 of 39 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024A3VLM: Actionable Articulation-Aware Vision Language Model11 Jun
  2. 2024SpatialVLM: Endowing Vision-Language Models with Spatial Reasoning Capabilities22 Jan

Other references · 29

  1. 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,456
  2. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
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  4. 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,792
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17 more
  1. 2024Cambrian-1: A Fully Open, Vision-Centric Exploration of Multimodal LLMscited by 822
  2. 2023EVA-CLIP: Improved Training Techniques for CLIP at Scalecited by 786
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  4. 2023LLaMA-Adapter V2: Parameter-Efficient Visual Instruction Modelcited by 602
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  6. 2022Winoground: Probing Vision and Language Models for Visio-Linguistic Compositionalitycited by 523
  7. 2024VideoMamba: State Space Model for Efficient Video Understandingcited by 325
  8. 2022Visual Spatial Reasoningcited by 288
  9. 2021GeoQA: A Geometric Question Answering Benchmark Towards Multimodal Numerical Reasoningcited by 224
  10. 2024Efficient Multimodal Learning from Data-centric Perspectivecited by 120
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  12. 2022Why is Winoground Hard? Investigating Failures in Visuolinguistic Compositionalitycited by 44
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  17. 2024D'ej`a Vu Memorization in Vision-Language Modelscited by 8

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 5; 2026: 1.

8 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024VisOnlyQA: Large Vision Language Models Still Struggle with Visual Perception of Geometric Information
  2. 2025SD-VLM: Spatial Measuring and Understanding with Depth-Encoded Vision-Language Models
  3. 2026Beyond Appearance: Can Multimodal Large Language Models Exploit Vertical Structure for Remote Sensing Natural Scene Understanding?
  4. 2025Decoupling the components of geometric understanding in Vision Language Models
  5. 2025CapGeo-Bench: Decoupling Visual Perception from Reasoning and Evaluating Geometric Understanding
  6. 2024GePBench: Evaluating Fundamental Geometric Perception for Multimodal Large Language Models
  7. 2025G2VLM: Geometry Grounded Vision Language Model with Unified 3D Reconstruction and Spatial Reasoning
  8. 2026GeoHeight-Bench: Towards Height-Aware Multimodal Reasoning in Remote Sensing