EAGLE: Elevating Geometric Reasoning through LLM-empowered Visual Instruction Tuning
On the map: LLM reasoning → Spatial and embodied reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have advanced greatly in general tasks. However, they still face challenges in geometric reasoning, a task that requires synergistic integration of visual recognition proficiency and complex reasoning strength. Existing MLLMs prioritize optimizing the LLM backbone to enhance problem-solving capabilities, while rarely emphasizing improvements in discerning visual elements. However, we reveal that MLLMs suffer from severe visual perception deficiencies, including inaccurate geometric comprehension and severe visual hallucinations, which constrain their reasoning performance. To address this issue, we revisit geometric reasoning through a visual-centric lens that highlights the role of visual perception. To achieve this, we propose EAGLE, a novel coarse-to-fine visual enhancement framework that progressively leverages LLMs' guidance to improve perception proficiency. Specifically, given the substantial disparity between geometric diagrams and natural images, we first introduce Geometric Knowledge Injection. This process explores fundamental knowledge from diagram-caption data to enhance recognition capabilities and improve geometry-language alignments. Then, recognizing that different elements contribute unequally in the reasoning process, we introduce Geometric Knowledge Refinement. This stage leverages LLM-driven chain-of-thought solutions to guide the vision encoder in adaptively prioritizing key elements, fostering a synergistic interplay between visual comprehension and mathematical reasoning. Finally, we develop EAGLE, a geometry expert with strong perception and reasoning capabilities. Extensive experiments demonstrate its effectiveness on three popular benchmarks.
Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Spatial and embodied reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 15 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Aug 2024.
Builds on
15 of 62 references.
References · 15
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
- 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 12,865
- 2022Training a Helpful and Harmless Assistant with Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedbackcited by 3,634
- 2023Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyondcited by 2,179
- 2023mPLUG-Owl: Modularization Empowers Large Language Models with Multimodalitycited by 1,038
- 2023Gemini: A Family of Highly Capable Multimodal Modelscited by 810
- 2024DeepSeek-VL: Towards Real-World Vision-Language Understandingcited by 718
- 2024InternLM-XComposer2: Mastering Free-form Text-Image Composition and Comprehension in Vision-Language Large Modelcited by 326
- 2023SPHINX: The Joint Mixing of Weights, Tasks, and Visual Embeddings for Multi-modal Large Language Modelscited by 283
- 2023LLaVAR: Enhanced Visual Instruction Tuning for Text-Rich Image Understandingcited by 272
- 2023MathPrompter: Mathematical Reasoning using Large Language Modelscited by 236
- 2024Advancing LLM Reasoning Generalists with Preference Treescited by 191
3 more
- 2024Exploring the Reasoning Abilities of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs): A Comprehensive Survey on Emerging Trends in Multimodal Reasoningcited by 136
- 2024Stop Reasoning! When Multimodal LLM with Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Meets Adversarial Imagecited by 26
- 2024Describe-then-Reason: Improving Multimodal Mathematical Reasoning through Visual Comprehension Trainingcited by 17
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 7; 2026: 5.
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- 2024Natural Language Understanding and Inference with MLLM in Visual Question Answering: A Surveycited by 74
- 2024A Survey of Mathematical Reasoning in the Era of Multimodal Large Language Model: Benchmark, Method & Challengescited by 55
- 2025MM-Verify: Enhancing Multimodal Reasoning with Chain-of-Thought Verificationcited by 39
- 2024GeoX: Geometric Problem Solving Through Unified Formalized Vision-Language Pre-trainingcited by 23
- 2024Euclid: Supercharging Multimodal LLMs with Synthetic High-Fidelity Visual Descriptionscited by 12
- 2025Pi-GPS: Enhancing Geometry Problem Solving by Unleashing the Power of Diagrammatic Informationcited by 10
- 2025MathFlow: Enhancing the Perceptual Flow of MLLMs for Visual Mathematical Problemscited by 10
- 2025Position: Reasoning After Perception Means Reasoning Without Visioncited by 8
- 2025A Survey of Deep Learning for Geometry Problem Solvingcited by 4
- 2025DRIFT: Transferring Reasoning Priors for Efficient MLLM Fine-Tuningcited by 3
- 2025GeoFM: Enhancing Geometric Reasoning of MLLMs via Synthetic Data Generation through Formal Languagecited by 3
- 2026GeoTikzBridge: Advancing Multimodal Code Generation for Geometric Perception and Reasoningcited by 3
4 more
- 2026Full spectrum Unlearnable Examples via Spectral Equalizationcited by 3
- 2026Geoparsing: Diagram Parsing for Plane and Solid Geometry with a Unified Formal Languagecited by 1
- 2026Concise Geometric Description as a Bridge: Unleashing the Potential of LLM for Plane Geometry Problem Solvingcited by 0
- 2026Euclid-Omni : A Unified Neuro-Symbolic Framework for Plane Geometrycited by 0
- 2026Full spectrum Unlearnable Examples via Spectral Equalization25 Jun 2026
- 2026Euclid-Omni : A Unified Neuro-Symbolic Framework for Plane Geometry17 Jun 2026
- 2026Geoparsing: Diagram Parsing for Plane and Solid Geometry with a Unified Formal Language13 Apr 2026
- 2026GeoTikzBridge: Advancing Multimodal Code Generation for Geometric Perception and Reasoning24 Mar 2026
- 2026Concise Geometric Description as a Bridge: Unleashing the Potential of LLM for Plane Geometry Problem Solving29 Jan 2026
- 2025GeoFM: Enhancing Geometric Reasoning of MLLMs via Synthetic Data Generation through Formal Language31 Oct 2025
- 2025DRIFT: Transferring Reasoning Priors for Efficient MLLM Fine-Tuning16 Oct 2025
- 2025Position: Reasoning After Perception Means Reasoning Without Vision21 Jul 2025
- 2025A Survey of Deep Learning for Geometry Problem Solving16 Jul 2025
- 2025MathFlow: Enhancing the Perceptual Flow of MLLMs for Visual Mathematical Problems19 Mar 2025
- 2025Pi-GPS: Enhancing Geometry Problem Solving by Unleashing the Power of Diagrammatic Information7 Mar 2025
- 2025MM-Verify: Enhancing Multimodal Reasoning with Chain-of-Thought Verification19 Feb 2025
4 more
- 2024A Survey of Mathematical Reasoning in the Era of Multimodal Large Language Model: Benchmark, Method & Challenges16 Dec 2024
- 2024GeoX: Geometric Problem Solving Through Unified Formalized Vision-Language Pre-training16 Dec 2024
- 2024Euclid: Supercharging Multimodal LLMs with Synthetic High-Fidelity Visual Descriptions11 Dec 2024
- 2024Natural Language Understanding and Inference with MLLM in Visual Question Answering: A Survey26 Nov 2024
- 2024A Survey of Mathematical Reasoning in the Era of Multimodal Large Language Model: Benchmark, Method & Challengescited by 55
- 2025MM-Verify: Enhancing Multimodal Reasoning with Chain-of-Thought Verificationcited by 39
- 2025Position: Reasoning After Perception Means Reasoning Without Visioncited by 8
- 2025A Survey of Deep Learning for Geometry Problem Solvingcited by 4
- 2025DRIFT: Transferring Reasoning Priors for Efficient MLLM Fine-Tuningcited by 3
- 2025GeoFM: Enhancing Geometric Reasoning of MLLMs via Synthetic Data Generation through Formal Languagecited by 3
- 2026GeoTikzBridge: Advancing Multimodal Code Generation for Geometric Perception and Reasoningcited by 3
- 2026Geoparsing: Diagram Parsing for Plane and Solid Geometry with a Unified Formal Languagecited by 1
- 2026Concise Geometric Description as a Bridge: Unleashing the Potential of LLM for Plane Geometry Problem Solvingcited by 0
- 2026Geoparsing: Diagram Parsing for Plane and Solid Geometry with a Unified Formal Language13 Apr 2026
- 2026GeoTikzBridge: Advancing Multimodal Code Generation for Geometric Perception and Reasoning24 Mar 2026
- 2026Concise Geometric Description as a Bridge: Unleashing the Potential of LLM for Plane Geometry Problem Solving29 Jan 2026
- 2025GeoFM: Enhancing Geometric Reasoning of MLLMs via Synthetic Data Generation through Formal Language31 Oct 2025
- 2025DRIFT: Transferring Reasoning Priors for Efficient MLLM Fine-Tuning16 Oct 2025
- 2025Position: Reasoning After Perception Means Reasoning Without Vision21 Jul 2025
- 2025A Survey of Deep Learning for Geometry Problem Solving16 Jul 2025
- 2025MM-Verify: Enhancing Multimodal Reasoning with Chain-of-Thought Verification19 Feb 2025
- 2024A Survey of Mathematical Reasoning in the Era of Multimodal Large Language Model: Benchmark, Method & Challenges16 Dec 2024
- 2024Natural Language Understanding and Inference with MLLM in Visual Question Answering: A Surveycited by 74
- 2024GeoX: Geometric Problem Solving Through Unified Formalized Vision-Language Pre-trainingcited by 23
- 2024Euclid: Supercharging Multimodal LLMs with Synthetic High-Fidelity Visual Descriptionscited by 12
- 2025MathFlow: Enhancing the Perceptual Flow of MLLMs for Visual Mathematical Problemscited by 10
- 2025MathFlow: Enhancing the Perceptual Flow of MLLMs for Visual Mathematical Problems19 Mar 2025
- 2024GeoX: Geometric Problem Solving Through Unified Formalized Vision-Language Pre-training16 Dec 2024
- 2024Euclid: Supercharging Multimodal LLMs with Synthetic High-Fidelity Visual Descriptions11 Dec 2024
- 2024Natural Language Understanding and Inference with MLLM in Visual Question Answering: A Survey26 Nov 2024
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- 2025CapGeo-Bench: Decoupling Visual Perception from Reasoning and Evaluating Geometric Understanding
- 2025GeoPQA: Bridging the Visual Perception Gap in MLLMs for Geometric Reasoning
- 2025GeoThought: A Dataset for Enhancing Mathematical Geometry Reasoning in Vision-Language Models
- 2026Make Geometry Matter for Spatial Reasoning
- 2025MathSight: A Benchmark Exploring Have Vision-Language Models Really Seen in University-Level Mathematical Reasoning?
- 2025Euclid's Gift: Enhancing Spatial Perception and Reasoning in Vision-Language Models via Geometric Surrogate Tasks
- 2023GeomVerse: A Systematic Evaluation of Large Models for Geometric Reasoning
- 2024Diagram Formalization Enhanced Multi-Modal Geometry Problem Solver