SnapE -- Training Snapshot Ensembles of Link Prediction Models
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Snapshot ensembles have been widely used in various fields of prediction. They allow for training an ensemble of prediction models at the cost of training a single one. They are known to yield more robust predictions by creating a set of diverse base models. In this paper, we introduce an approach to transfer the idea of snapshot ensembles to link prediction models in knowledge graphs. Moreover, since link prediction in knowledge graphs is a setup without explicit negative examples, we propose a novel training loop that iteratively creates negative examples using previous snapshot models. An evaluation with four base models across four datasets shows that this approach constantly outperforms the single model approach, while keeping the training time constant.
Key facts. Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 44 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Aug 2024.
Builds on
18 of 44 references.
References · 18
- 2016SGDR: Stochastic Gradient Descent with Warm Restartscited by 4,993
- 2017Modeling Relational Data with Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 1,684
- 2014Embedding Entities and Relations for Learning and Inference in Knowledge Basescited by 929
- 2016Complex Embeddings for Simple Link Predictioncited by 897
- 2019RotatE: Knowledge Graph Embedding by Relational Rotation in Complex Spacecited by 893
- 2017Convolutional 2D Knowledge Graph Embeddingscited by 729
- 2020Knowledge Graphscited by 619
- 2017Snapshot Ensembles: Train 1, get M for freecited by 349
- 2015A Review of Relational Machine Learning for Knowledge Graphscited by 264
- 2020PyKEEN 1.0: A Python Library for Training and Evaluating Knowledge Graph Embeddingscited by 77
- 2019The Step Decay Schedule: A Near Optimal, Geometrically Decaying Learning Rate Procedure For Least Squarescited by 67
- 2017Open-World Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 64
6 more
- 2021Relation Prediction as an Auxiliary Training Objective for Improving Multi-Relational Graph Representationscited by 37
- 2020Knowledge Graphs on the Web -- an Overviewcited by 24
- 2023Link Prediction with Attention Applied on Multiple Knowledge Graph Embedding Modelscited by 15
- 2018DyLink2Vec: Effective Feature Representation for Link Prediction in Dynamic Networkscited by 9
- 2021Multiple Run Ensemble Learning with Low-Dimensional Knowledge Graph Embeddingscited by 8
- 2023Schema First! Learn Versatile Knowledge Graph Embeddings by Capturing Semantics with MASCHInEcited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
4 papers.
- 2025DyTTP: Trajectory Prediction with Normalization-Free Transformerscited by 2
- 2025Improving Knowledge Graph Embeddings through Contrastive Learning with Negative Statementscited by 0
- 2025Parameter Averaging in Link Predictioncited by 0
- 2026Oracle, will I ever learn? A study of prediction convergence and complementarity across link prediction modelscited by 0
- 2026Oracle, will I ever learn? A study of prediction convergence and complementarity across link prediction models2 Sep 2026
- 2025Parameter Averaging in Link Prediction29 Oct 2025
- 2025Improving Knowledge Graph Embeddings through Contrastive Learning with Negative Statements13 Oct 2025
- 2025DyTTP: Trajectory Prediction with Normalization-Free Transformers7 Apr 2025