mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Numerical Literals in Link Prediction: A Critical Examination of Models and Datasets

arXiv 2407.18241 ↗First posted 25 Jul 2024cs.LG cs.DBcited by 2

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Abstract (arXiv)

Link Prediction(LP) is an essential task over Knowledge Graphs(KGs), traditionally focussed on using and predicting the relations between entities. Textual entity descriptions have already been shown to be valuable, but models that incorporate numerical literals have shown minor improvements on existing benchmark datasets. It is unclear whether a model is actually better in using numerical literals, or better capable of utilizing the graph structure. This raises doubts about the effectiveness of these methods and about the suitability of the existing benchmark datasets. We propose a methodology to evaluate LP models that incorporate numerical literals. We propose i) a new synthetic dataset to better understand how well these models use numerical literals and ii) dataset ablations strategies to investigate potential difficulties with the existing datasets. We identify a prevalent trend: many models underutilize literal information and potentially rely on additional parameters for performance gains. Our investigation highlights the need for more extensive evaluations when releasing new models and datasets.

Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Jul 2024.

Builds on

17 of 35 references.

References · 17

  1. 2017Modeling Relational Data with Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 1,694
  2. 2014Embedding Entities and Relations for Learning and Inference in Knowledge Basescited by 932
  3. 2016Complex Embeddings for Simple Link Predictioncited by 902
  4. 2019KG-BERT: BERT for Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 324
  5. 2019TuckER: Tensor Factorization for Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 290
  6. 2020The Surprising Power of Graph Neural Networks with Random Node Initializationcited by 198
  7. 2022SimKGC: Simple Contrastive Knowledge Graph Completion with Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 91
  8. 2022Sequence-to-Sequence Knowledge Graph Completion and Question Answeringcited by 75
  9. 2023Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: Opportunities and Challengescited by 71
  10. 2018Embedding Multimodal Relational Data for Knowledge Base Completioncited by 34
  11. 2019A Survey on Knowledge Graph Embeddings with Literals: Which model links better Literal-ly?cited by 31
  12. 2018Incorporating Literals into Knowledge Graph Embeddingscited by 29
5 more
  1. 2017KBLRN : End-to-End Learning of Knowledge Base Representations with Latent, Relational, and Numerical Featurescited by 26
  2. 2023PaGE-Link: Path-based Graph Neural Network Explanation for Heterogeneous Link Predictioncited by 25
  3. 2017Multi-task Neural Network for Non-discrete Attribute Prediction in Knowledge Graphscited by 14
  4. 2022Augmenting Knowledge Graphs for Better Link Predictioncited by 7
  5. 2023Insights from an OTTR-centric Ontology Engineering Methodologycited by 1

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 1.

2 papers.