mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Domain Adaptation of Llama3-70B-Instruct through Continual Pre-Training and Model Merging: A Comprehensive Evaluation

arXiv 2406.14971 ↗First posted 21 Jun 2024cs.CL cs.AI cs.LGcited by 14

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Abstract (arXiv)

We conducted extensive experiments on domain adaptation of the Meta-Llama-3-70B-Instruct model on SEC data, exploring its performance on both general and domain-specific benchmarks. Our focus included continual pre-training (CPT) and model merging, aiming to enhance the model's domain-specific capabilities while mitigating catastrophic forgetting. Through this study, we evaluated the impact of integrating financial regulatory data into a robust language model and examined the effectiveness of our model merging techniques in preserving and improving the model's instructive abilities. The model is accessible at hugging face: https://huggingface.co/arcee-ai/Llama-3-SEC-Base, arcee-ai/Llama-3-SEC-Base. This is an intermediate checkpoint of our final model, which has seen 20B tokens so far. The full model is still in the process of training. This is a preprint technical report with thorough evaluations to understand the entire process.

Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 13 of its 22 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Jun 2024.

Builds on

13 of 22 references.

References · 13

  1. 2016Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in neural networkscited by 4,718
  2. 2016Pointer Sentinel Mixture Modelscited by 2,992
  3. 2021TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoodscited by 2,919
  4. 2022Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language modelscited by 1,970
  5. 2019Megatron-LM: Training Multi-Billion Parameter Language Models Using Model Parallelismcited by 1,829
  6. 2020Don't Stop Pretraining: Adapt Language Models to Domains and Taskscited by 1,548
  7. 2023AGIEval: A Human-Centric Benchmark for Evaluating Foundation Modelscited by 701
  8. 2023Language Models are Super Mario: Absorbing Abilities from Homologous Models as a Free Lunchcited by 679
  9. 2021TAT-QA: A Question Answering Benchmark on a Hybrid of Tabular and Textual Content in Financecited by 402
  10. 2024Does Fine-Tuning LLMs on New Knowledge Encourage Hallucinations?cited by 227
  11. 2022ConvFinQA: Exploring the Chain of Numerical Reasoning in Conversational Finance Question Answeringcited by 194
  12. 2023ZipIt! Merging Models from Different Tasks without Trainingcited by 178
1 more
  1. 2023Continual Pre-Training of Large Language Models: How to (re)warm your model?cited by 135

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 6; 2026: 4.

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  1. 2024Fine-tuning large language models for domain adaptation: Exploration of training strategies, scaling, model merging and synergistic capabilitiescited by 67
  2. 2024Foundational Large Language Models for Materials Researchcited by 18
  3. 2025Adapting Language-Specific LLMs to a Reasoning Model in One Day via Model Merging -- An Open Recipecited by 9
  4. 2025You Are What You Bought: Generating Customer Personas for E-commerce Applicationscited by 7
  5. 2024Merging in a Bottle: Differentiable Adaptive Merging (DAM) and the Path from Averaging to Automationcited by 3
  6. 2025Evaluating The Performance of Using Large Language Models to Automate Summarization of CT Simulation Orders in Radiation Oncologycited by 2
  7. 2025Merging Language and Domain Specific Models: The Impact on Technical Vocabulary Acquisitioncited by 2
  8. 2025Merging Continual Pretraining Models for Domain-Specialized LLMs: A Case Study in Financecited by 2
  9. 2026Updating Parametric Knowledge with Context Distillation Retains Post-Training Capabilitiescited by 2
  10. 2024Extracting and Combining Abilities For Building Multi-lingual Ability-enhanced Large Language Modelscited by 1
  11. 2026Can Continual Pre-training Bridge the Performance Gap between General-purpose and Specialized Language Models in the Medical Domain?cited by 1
  12. 2025Toward Automated and Trustworthy Scientific Analysis and Visualization with LLM-Generated Codecited by 0
2 more
  1. 2026ImplicitBBQ: Benchmarking Implicit Bias in Large Language Models through Characteristic Based Cuescited by 0
  2. 2026Reading the News: Adapting Large Language Models to Swedish Journalism Through Continued Pre-Trainingcited by 0