mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

DocGenome: An Open Large-scale Scientific Document Benchmark for Training and Testing Multi-modal Large Language Models

arXiv 2406.11633 ↗First posted 17 Jun 2024cs.CVcited by 34

On the map: Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models → Document understanding and multimodal RAG

Abstract (arXiv)

Scientific documents record research findings and valuable human knowledge, comprising a vast corpus of high-quality data. Leveraging multi-modality data extracted from these documents and assessing large models' abilities to handle scientific document-oriented tasks is therefore meaningful. Despite promising advancements, large models still perform poorly on multi-page scientific document extraction and understanding tasks, and their capacity to process within-document data formats such as charts and equations remains under-explored. To address these issues, we present DocGenome, a structured document benchmark constructed by annotating 500K scientific documents from 153 disciplines in the arXiv open-access community, using our custom auto-labeling pipeline. DocGenome features four key characteristics: 1) Completeness: It is the first dataset to structure data from all modalities including 13 layout attributes along with their LaTeX source codes. 2) Logicality: It provides 6 logical relationships between different entities within each scientific document. 3) Diversity: It covers various document-oriented tasks, including document classification, visual grounding, document layout detection, document transformation, open-ended single-page QA and multi-page QA. 4) Correctness: It undergoes rigorous quality control checks conducted by a specialized team. We conduct extensive experiments to demonstrate the advantages of DocGenome and objectively evaluate the performance of large models on our benchmark.

Key facts. Cited by 34 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Document understanding and multimodal RAG, one of 16 directions in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models. Builds on 43 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 17 Jun 2024.

Builds on

43 of 57 references.

Closest ancestors · 3

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2024LayoutLLM: Layout Instruction Tuning with Large Language Models for Document Understanding8 Apr
  2. 2024TextMonkey: An OCR-Free Large Multimodal Model for Understanding Document7 Mar
  3. 2023mPLUG-DocOwl: Modularized Multimodal Large Language Model for Document Understanding4 Jul

Other references · 40

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 29,915
  3. 2021Masked Autoencoders Are Scalable Vision Learnerscited by 7,339
  4. 2022Flamingo: a Visual Language Model for Few-Shot Learningcited by 4,337
  5. 2024Gemini 1.5: Unlocking multimodal understanding across millions of tokens of contextcited by 3,175
  6. 2023MiniGPT-4: Enhancing Vision-Language Understanding with Advanced Large Language Modelscited by 2,689
  7. 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,534
  8. 2020DocVQA: A Dataset for VQA on Document Imagescited by 1,288
  9. 2024How Far Are We to GPT-4V? Closing the Gap to Commercial Multimodal Models with Open-Source Suitescited by 1,033
  10. 2023CogVLM: Visual Expert for Pretrained Language Modelscited by 704
  11. 2023CogAgent: A Visual Language Model for GUI Agentscited by 692
  12. 2023NExT-GPT: Any-to-Any Multimodal LLMcited by 610
28 more
  1. 2022LayoutLMv3: Pre-training for Document AI with Unified Text and Image Maskingcited by 481
  2. 2022Pix2Struct: Screenshot Parsing as Pretraining for Visual Language Understandingcited by 360
  3. 2023Monkey: Image Resolution and Text Label Are Important Things for Large Multi-modal Modelscited by 356
  4. 2019PubLayNet: largest dataset ever for document layout analysiscited by 349
  5. 2023GPT4RoI: Instruction Tuning Large Language Model on Region-of-Interestcited by 300
  6. 2024MoE-LLaVA: Mixture of Experts for Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 298
  7. 2024mPLUG-DocOwl 1.5: Unified Structure Learning for OCR-free Document Understandingcited by 220
  8. 2023Emu: Generative Pretraining in Multimodalitycited by 156
  9. 2020DocBank: A Benchmark Dataset for Document Layout Analysiscited by 152
  10. 2022DocLayNet: A Large Human-Annotated Dataset for Document-Layout Analysiscited by 146
  11. 2022Unifying Vision, Text, and Layout for Universal Document Processingcited by 140
  12. 2024Not All Experts are Equal: Efficient Expert Pruning and Skipping for Mixture-of-Experts Large Language Modelscited by 140
  13. 2024Multimodal ArXiv: A Dataset for Improving Scientific Comprehension of Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 138
  14. 2023Document Understanding Dataset and Evaluation (DUDE)cited by 132
  15. 2024ChartX & ChartVLM: A Versatile Benchmark and Foundation Model for Complicated Chart Reasoningcited by 127
  16. 2023DocLLM: A layout-aware generative language model for multimodal document understandingcited by 112
  17. 2023KOSMOS-2.5: A Multimodal Literate Modelcited by 95
  18. 2024The All-Seeing Project V2: Towards General Relation Comprehension of the Open Worldcited by 90
  19. 2024MM-Interleaved: Interleaved Image-Text Generative Modeling via Multi-modal Feature Synchronizercited by 80
  20. 2024Focus Anywhere for Fine-grained Multi-page Document Understandingcited by 62
  21. 2023ControlLLM: Augment Language Models with Tools by Searching on Graphscited by 59
  22. 2023DocFormerv2: Local Features for Document Understandingcited by 46
  23. 2023Vision Grid Transformer for Document Layout Analysiscited by 45
  24. 2024UniMERNet: A Universal Network for Real-World Mathematical Expression Recognitioncited by 41
  25. 2023ICL-D3IE: In-Context Learning with Diverse Demonstrations Updating for Document Information Extractioncited by 38
  26. 2023Text2Analysis: A Benchmark of Table Question Answering with Advanced Data Analysis and Unclear Queriescited by 38
  27. 2022VRDU: A Benchmark for Visually-rich Document Understandingcited by 35
  28. 2023DocXChain: A Powerful Open-Source Toolchain for Document Parsing and Beyondcited by 8

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 9; 2025: 14; 2026: 11.

34 papers.

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  1. 2024MinerU: An Open-Source Solution for Precise Document Content Extractioncited by 255
  2. 2024OmniDocBench: Benchmarking Diverse PDF Document Parsing with Comprehensive Annotationscited by 144
  3. 2024mPLUG-DocOwl2: High-resolution Compressing for OCR-free Multi-page Document Understandingcited by 113
  4. 2025MonkeyOCR: Document Parsing with a Structure-Recognition-Relation Triplet Paradigmcited by 81
  5. 2024MME-Survey: A Comprehensive Survey on Evaluation of Multimodal LLMscited by 72
  6. 2024Document Parsing Unveiled: Techniques, Challenges, and Prospects for Structured Information Extractioncited by 44
  7. 2025dots.ocr: Multilingual Document Layout Parsing in a Single Vision-Language Modelcited by 44
  8. 2024Image Over Text: Transforming Formula Recognition Evaluation with Character Detection Matchingcited by 39
  9. 2025A Survey of Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generationcited by 37
  10. 2026MinerU2.5-Pro: Pushing the Limits of Data-Centric Document Parsing at Scalecited by 26
  11. 2024GeoX: Geometric Problem Solving Through Unified Formalized Vision-Language Pre-trainingcited by 23
  12. 2025Marten: Visual Question Answering with Mask Generation for Multi-modal Document Understandingcited by 20
22 more
  1. 2025Docopilot: Improving Multimodal Models for Document-Level Understandingcited by 19
  2. 2025Infinity Parser: Layout Aware Reinforcement Learning for Scanned Document Parsingcited by 17
  3. 2024PDF-WuKong: A Large Multimodal Model for Efficient Long PDF Reading with End-to-End Sparse Samplingcited by 14
  4. 2025A Token-level Text Image Foundation Model for Document Understandingcited by 13
  5. 2025TrustGeoGen: Formal-Verified Data Engine for Trustworthy Multi-modal Geometric Problem Solvingcited by 13
  6. 2025MonkeyOCR v1.5 Technical Report: Unlocking Robust Document Parsing for Complex Patternscited by 13
  7. 2024Chimera: Improving Generalist Model with Domain-Specific Expertscited by 11
  8. 2026OCRVerse: Towards Holistic OCR in End-to-End Vision-Language Modelscited by 10
  9. 2025Reading or Reasoning? Format Decoupled Reinforcement Learning for Document OCRcited by 7
  10. 2025DOCR-Inspector: Fine-Grained and Automated Evaluation of Document Parsing with VLMcited by 6
  11. 2026Milestones over Outcome: Unlocking Geometric Reasoning with Sub-Goal Verifiable Rewardcited by 4
  12. 2026MonkeyOCRv2: A Visual-Text Foundation Model for Document AIcited by 4
  13. 2026PaperMind: Benchmarking Agentic Reasoning and Critique over Scientific Papers in Multimodal LLMscited by 3
  14. 2025DocTron-Formula: Generalized Formula Recognition in Complex and Structured Scenarioscited by 2
  15. 2025Infinity Parser: Layout Aware Reinforcement Learning for Scanned Document Parsingcited by 1
  16. 2025ResearchArcade: Graph Interface for Academic Taskscited by 0
  17. 2026MeDocVL: A Visual Language Model for Medical Document Understanding and Parsingcited by 0
  18. 2026PositionOCR: Augmenting Positional Awareness in Multi-Modal Models via Hybrid Specialist Integrationcited by 0
  19. 2026Heterogeneous Element-Aware Cross-Version Differencing of Scientific Documents via Layout-Aware Alignment and Structure-Aware Reasoningcited by 0
  20. 2026XL-DocBench: Benchmarking Evidence-Grounded Extra-Long Document Understandingcited by 0
  21. 2026SciDocBench: A Workflow-Centered Benchmark and Data Pipeline for Scientific Document Understandingcited by 0
  22. 2026Diffusion Drafts, AR Verifies: Accelerating Document OCR with Self-Speculative Decodingcited by 0

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  2. 2025Are We on the Right Way for Assessing Document Retrieval-Augmented Generation?
  3. 2025DocRefine: An Intelligent Framework for Scientific Document Understanding and Content Optimization based on Multimodal Large Model Agents
  4. 2025DocHop-QA: Towards Multi-Hop Reasoning over Multimodal Document Collections
  5. 2023Evaluating the Effectiveness of Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models in Scientific Document Reasoning
  6. 2026LitBench: A Graph-Centric Large Language Model Benchmarking Tool For Literature Tasks
  7. 2026Beyond Accuracy: Robustness, Cost, and Governance Trade-offs for Vision-Language Models in Templated Document Extraction
  8. 2026Dr. DocBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Expert-Level and Difficult Document Parsing