EmoBox: Multilingual Multi-corpus Speech Emotion Recognition Toolkit and Benchmark
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Abstract (arXiv)
Speech emotion recognition (SER) is an important part of human-computer interaction, receiving extensive attention from both industry and academia. However, the current research field of SER has long suffered from the following problems: 1) There are few reasonable and universal splits of the datasets, making comparing different models and methods difficult. 2) No commonly used benchmark covers numerous corpus and languages for researchers to refer to, making reproduction a burden. In this paper, we propose EmoBox, an out-of-the-box multilingual multi-corpus speech emotion recognition toolkit, along with a benchmark for both intra-corpus and cross-corpus settings. For intra-corpus settings, we carefully designed the data partitioning for different datasets. For cross-corpus settings, we employ a foundation SER model, emotion2vec, to mitigate annotation errors and obtain a test set that is fully balanced in speakers and emotions distributions. Based on EmoBox, we present the intra-corpus SER results of 10 pre-trained speech models on 32 emotion datasets with 14 languages, and the cross-corpus SER results on 4 datasets with the fully balanced test sets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest SER benchmark, across language scopes and quantity scales. We hope that our toolkit and benchmark can facilitate the research of SER in the community.
Key facts. Cited by 39 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Jun 2024.
Builds on
20 of 41 references.
References · 20
- 2022Robust Speech Recognition via Large-Scale Weak Supervisioncited by 3,972
- 2020wav2vec 2.0: A Framework for Self-Supervised Learning of Speech Representationscited by 3,853
- 2021HuBERT: Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning by Masked Prediction of Hidden Unitscited by 2,301
- 2021WavLM: Large-Scale Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Full Stack Speech Processingcited by 1,609
- 2022data2vec: A General Framework for Self-supervised Learning in Speech, Vision and Languagecited by 718
- 2018MELD: A Multimodal Multi-Party Dataset for Emotion Recognition in Conversationscited by 636
- 2023emotion2vec: Self-Supervised Pre-Training for Speech Emotion Representationcited by 196
- 2020Seen and Unseen emotional style transfer for voice conversion with a new emotional speech datasetcited by 119
- 2022Efficient Self-supervised Learning with Contextualized Target Representations for Vision, Speech and Languagecited by 108
- 2018The Emotional Voices Database: Towards Controlling the Emotion Dimension in Voice Generation Systemscited by 61
- 2022M3ED: Multi-modal Multi-scene Multi-label Emotional Dialogue Databasecited by 50
- 2024Advancing Large Language Models to Capture Varied Speaking Styles and Respond Properly in Spoken Conversationscited by 45
8 more
- 2023MER 2023: Multi-label Learning, Modality Robustness, and Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 33
- 2018Cross Lingual Speech Emotion Recognition: Urdu vs. Western Languagescited by 25
- 2021SERAB: A multi-lingual benchmark for speech emotion recognitioncited by 22
- 2019ShEMO -- A Large-Scale Validated Database for Persian Speech Emotion Detectioncited by 21
- 2022Climate and Weather: Inspecting Depression Detection via Emotion Recognitioncited by 8
- 2023EMNS /Imz/ Corpus: An emotive single-speaker dataset for narrative storytelling in games, television and graphic novelscited by 7
- 2023Designing and Evaluating Speech Emotion Recognition Systems: A reality check case study with IEMOCAPcited by 6
- 2022A New Amharic Speech Emotion Dataset and Classification Benchmarkcited by 5
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 18; 2026: 17.
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- 2025CosyVoice 3: Towards In-the-wild Speech Generation via Scaling-up and Post-trainingcited by 142
- 2024FunAudioLLM: Voice Understanding and Generation Foundation Models for Natural Interaction Between Humans and LLMscited by 118
- 2025Audio-Reasoner: Improving Reasoning Capability in Large Audio Language Modelscited by 94
- 2024MEMO: Memory-Guided Diffusion for Expressive Talking Video Generationcited by 38
- 2025Differentiable Reward Optimization for LLM based TTS systemcited by 15
- 2024Improving Speech Emotion Recognition in Under-Resourced Languages via Speech-to-Speech Translation with Bootstrapping Data Selectioncited by 10
- 2025MNV-17: A High-Quality Performative Mandarin Dataset for Nonverbal Vocalization Recognition in Speechcited by 6
- 2025Steering Language Model to Stable Speech Emotion Recognition via Contextual Perception and Chain of Thoughtcited by 5
- 2025Contextual Paralinguistic Data Creation for Multi-Modal Speech-LLM: Data Condensation and Spoken QA Generationcited by 4
- 2025Can Diffusion Models Disentangle? A Theoretical Perspectivecited by 3
- 2025EmoNet-Voice: A Fine-Grained, Expert-Verified Benchmark for Speech Emotion Detectioncited by 3
- 2025Marco-Voice Technical Reportcited by 3
27 more
- 2024TouchASP: Elastic Automatic Speech Perception that Everyone Can Touchcited by 2
- 2026VoxEmo: Benchmarking Speech Emotion Recognition with Speech LLMscited by 2
- 2026Something from Nothing: Data Augmentation for Robust Severity Level Estimation of Dysarthric Speechcited by 2
- 2025CAMEO: Collection of Multilingual Emotional Speech Corporacited by 1
- 2025VoxAging: Continuously Tracking Speaker Aging with a Large-Scale Longitudinal Dataset in English and Mandarincited by 1
- 2025EmoCAST: Emotional Talking Portrait via Emotive Text Descriptioncited by 1
- 2025RLAIF-SPA: Structured AI Feedback for Semantic-Prosodic Alignment in Speech Synthesiscited by 1
- 2026Speech Emotion Recognition Leveraging OpenAI's Whisper Representations and Attentive Pooling Methodscited by 1
- 2026Multilingual Emotion Neurons in Large Audio-Language Modelscited by 1
- 2026Represented but Ignored: A Causal Account of Prosodic Underuse in Audio-Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025Leveraging Cross-Attention Transformer and Multi-Feature Fusion for Cross-Linguistic Speech Emotion Recognitioncited by 0
- 2025Large Language Models Meet Contrastive Learning: Zero-Shot Emotion Recognition Across Languagescited by 0
- 2025Seeing What You Say: Expressive Image Generation from Speechcited by 0
- 2025MERaLiON-SER: Robust Speech Emotion Recognition Model for English and SEA Languagescited by 0
- 2025Foundation Model-based Evaluation of Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Lifespan-Inclusive, Multi-Modal, and Multi-Lingual Studycited by 0
- 2026Semantics-Aware Generative Latent Data Augmentation for Learning in Low-Resource Domainscited by 0
- 2026Color-based Emotion Representation for Speech Emotion Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Hello-Chat: Towards Realistic Social Audio Interactionscited by 0
- 2026Prompt Amplification and Zero-Shot Late Fusion in Audio-Language Models for Speech Emotion Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Hierarchical Codec Diffusion for Video-to-Speech Generationcited by 0
- 2026Beyond Acoustic Emotion Recognition: Multimodal Pathos Analysis in Political Speech Using LLM-Based and Acoustic Emotion Modelscited by 0
- 2026Geometric Second-Order Feature Correlation Learning for Self-Supervised Speech Emotion Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026A Study of ASR Adaptation and Representation Dimensionality Reduction in Persian Speech Emotion Recognition Using Whispercited by 0
- 2026ProbPlug: A Plugin Uncertainty Network for Reliable Confidence in LLM Binary Classificationcited by 0
- 2026Reading Emotions in the Token Space: Discriminative Adaptation of SpeechLLMs for Emotion Recognitioncited by 0
- 2026VoiceNet: Fine-Grained Voice Understanding Beyond Emotion at Scalecited by 0
- 2026From Speech to Editable Concepts: Probing Emotion Recognition with Concept Bottleneck Modelscited by 0
- 2026From Speech to Editable Concepts: Probing Emotion Recognition with Concept Bottleneck Models30 Sep 2026
- 2026VoiceNet: Fine-Grained Voice Understanding Beyond Emotion at Scale25 Sep 2026
- 2026Reading Emotions in the Token Space: Discriminative Adaptation of SpeechLLMs for Emotion Recognition17 Sep 2026
- 2026ProbPlug: A Plugin Uncertainty Network for Reliable Confidence in LLM Binary Classification9 Sep 2026
- 2026Multilingual Emotion Neurons in Large Audio-Language Models9 Aug 2026
- 2026Represented but Ignored: A Causal Account of Prosodic Underuse in Audio-Language Models12 Jun 2026
- 2026Geometric Second-Order Feature Correlation Learning for Self-Supervised Speech Emotion Recognition4 Jun 2026
- 2026A Study of ASR Adaptation and Representation Dimensionality Reduction in Persian Speech Emotion Recognition Using Whisper26 May 2026
- 2026Beyond Acoustic Emotion Recognition: Multimodal Pathos Analysis in Political Speech Using LLM-Based and Acoustic Emotion Models21 May 2026
- 2026Hierarchical Codec Diffusion for Video-to-Speech Generation17 Apr 2026
- 2026Prompt Amplification and Zero-Shot Late Fusion in Audio-Language Models for Speech Emotion Recognition24 Mar 2026
- 2026Something from Nothing: Data Augmentation for Robust Severity Level Estimation of Dysarthric Speech16 Mar 2026
27 more
- 2026VoxEmo: Benchmarking Speech Emotion Recognition with Speech LLMs9 Mar 2026
- 2026Color-based Emotion Representation for Speech Emotion Recognition18 Feb 2026
- 2026Hello-Chat: Towards Realistic Social Audio Interactions16 Feb 2026
- 2026Speech Emotion Recognition Leveraging OpenAI's Whisper Representations and Attentive Pooling Methods5 Feb 2026
- 2026Semantics-Aware Generative Latent Data Augmentation for Learning in Low-Resource Domains2 Feb 2026
- 2025Foundation Model-based Evaluation of Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Lifespan-Inclusive, Multi-Modal, and Multi-Lingual Study24 Dec 2025
- 2025MERaLiON-SER: Robust Speech Emotion Recognition Model for English and SEA Languages7 Nov 2025
- 2025Seeing What You Say: Expressive Image Generation from Speech5 Nov 2025
- 2025RLAIF-SPA: Structured AI Feedback for Semantic-Prosodic Alignment in Speech Synthesis16 Oct 2025
- 2025MNV-17: A High-Quality Performative Mandarin Dataset for Nonverbal Vocalization Recognition in Speech19 Sep 2025
- 2025EmoCAST: Emotional Talking Portrait via Emotive Text Description28 Aug 2025
- 2025Marco-Voice Technical Report4 Aug 2025
- 2025Differentiable Reward Optimization for LLM based TTS system8 Jul 2025
- 2025EmoNet-Voice: A Fine-Grained, Expert-Verified Benchmark for Speech Emotion Detection11 Jun 2025
- 2025VoxAging: Continuously Tracking Speaker Aging with a Large-Scale Longitudinal Dataset in English and Mandarin27 May 2025
- 2025CosyVoice 3: Towards In-the-wild Speech Generation via Scaling-up and Post-training23 May 2025
- 2025Contextual Paralinguistic Data Creation for Multi-Modal Speech-LLM: Data Condensation and Spoken QA Generation19 May 2025
- 2025CAMEO: Collection of Multilingual Emotional Speech Corpora16 May 2025
- 2025Can Diffusion Models Disentangle? A Theoretical Perspective31 Mar 2025
- 2025Large Language Models Meet Contrastive Learning: Zero-Shot Emotion Recognition Across Languages25 Mar 2025
- 2025Audio-Reasoner: Improving Reasoning Capability in Large Audio Language Models4 Mar 2025
- 2025Steering Language Model to Stable Speech Emotion Recognition via Contextual Perception and Chain of Thought25 Feb 2025
- 2025Leveraging Cross-Attention Transformer and Multi-Feature Fusion for Cross-Linguistic Speech Emotion Recognition6 Jan 2025
- 2024TouchASP: Elastic Automatic Speech Perception that Everyone Can Touch20 Dec 2024
- 2024MEMO: Memory-Guided Diffusion for Expressive Talking Video Generation5 Dec 2024
- 2024Improving Speech Emotion Recognition in Under-Resourced Languages via Speech-to-Speech Translation with Bootstrapping Data Selection17 Sep 2024
- 2024FunAudioLLM: Voice Understanding and Generation Foundation Models for Natural Interaction Between Humans and LLMs4 Jul 2024
- 2024FunAudioLLM: Voice Understanding and Generation Foundation Models for Natural Interaction Between Humans and LLMscited by 118
- 2024Improving Speech Emotion Recognition in Under-Resourced Languages via Speech-to-Speech Translation with Bootstrapping Data Selectioncited by 10
- 2025MNV-17: A High-Quality Performative Mandarin Dataset for Nonverbal Vocalization Recognition in Speechcited by 6
- 2025Contextual Paralinguistic Data Creation for Multi-Modal Speech-LLM: Data Condensation and Spoken QA Generationcited by 4
- 2025EmoNet-Voice: A Fine-Grained, Expert-Verified Benchmark for Speech Emotion Detectioncited by 3
- 2025Marco-Voice Technical Reportcited by 3
- 2024TouchASP: Elastic Automatic Speech Perception that Everyone Can Touchcited by 2
- 2026VoxEmo: Benchmarking Speech Emotion Recognition with Speech LLMscited by 2
- 2026Something from Nothing: Data Augmentation for Robust Severity Level Estimation of Dysarthric Speechcited by 2
- 2025CAMEO: Collection of Multilingual Emotional Speech Corporacited by 1
- 2025VoxAging: Continuously Tracking Speaker Aging with a Large-Scale Longitudinal Dataset in English and Mandarincited by 1
- 2025EmoCAST: Emotional Talking Portrait via Emotive Text Descriptioncited by 1
12 most cited of 32 All 32 (JSON)
- 2026From Speech to Editable Concepts: Probing Emotion Recognition with Concept Bottleneck Models30 Sep 2026
- 2026VoiceNet: Fine-Grained Voice Understanding Beyond Emotion at Scale25 Sep 2026
- 2026Reading Emotions in the Token Space: Discriminative Adaptation of SpeechLLMs for Emotion Recognition17 Sep 2026
- 2026ProbPlug: A Plugin Uncertainty Network for Reliable Confidence in LLM Binary Classification9 Sep 2026
- 2026Multilingual Emotion Neurons in Large Audio-Language Models9 Aug 2026
- 2026Represented but Ignored: A Causal Account of Prosodic Underuse in Audio-Language Models12 Jun 2026
- 2026Geometric Second-Order Feature Correlation Learning for Self-Supervised Speech Emotion Recognition4 Jun 2026
- 2026A Study of ASR Adaptation and Representation Dimensionality Reduction in Persian Speech Emotion Recognition Using Whisper26 May 2026
- 2026Beyond Acoustic Emotion Recognition: Multimodal Pathos Analysis in Political Speech Using LLM-Based and Acoustic Emotion Models21 May 2026
- 2026Hierarchical Codec Diffusion for Video-to-Speech Generation17 Apr 2026
- 2026Prompt Amplification and Zero-Shot Late Fusion in Audio-Language Models for Speech Emotion Recognition24 Mar 2026
- 2026Something from Nothing: Data Augmentation for Robust Severity Level Estimation of Dysarthric Speech16 Mar 2026
12 newest of 32 All 32 (JSON)