RawBMamba: End-to-End Bidirectional State Space Model for Audio Deepfake Detection
On the map: State-space sequence models (S4, Mamba) → Speech and audio SSMs
Abstract (arXiv)
Fake artefacts for discriminating between bonafide and fake audio can exist in both short- and long-range segments. Therefore, combining local and global feature information can effectively discriminate between bonafide and fake audio. This paper proposes an end-to-end bidirectional state space model, named RawBMamba, to capture both short- and long-range discriminative information for audio deepfake detection. Specifically, we use sinc Layer and multiple convolutional layers to capture short-range features, and then design a bidirectional Mamba to address Mamba's unidirectional modelling problem and further capture long-range feature information. Moreover, we develop a bidirectional fusion module to integrate embeddings, enhancing audio context representation and combining short- and long-range information. The results show that our proposed RawBMamba achieves a 34.1% improvement over Rawformer on ASVspoof2021 LA dataset, and demonstrates competitive performance on other datasets.
Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Speech and audio SSMs, one of 10 directions in State-space sequence models (S4, Mamba). First posted on arXiv 10 Jun 2024.
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 10; 2025: 12; 2026: 4.
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- 2024XLSR-Mamba: A Dual-Column Bidirectional State Space Model for Spoofing Attack Detectioncited by 27
- 2024Speech Slytherin: Examining the Performance and Efficiency of Mamba for Speech Separation, Recognition, and Synthesiscited by 22
- 2025Nes2Net: A Lightweight Nested Architecture for Foundation Model Driven Speech Anti-spoofingcited by 17
- 2025ALLM4ADD: Unlocking the Capabilities of Audio Large Language Models for Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 17
- 2025BiCrossMamba-ST: Speech Deepfake Detection with Bidirectional Mamba Spectro-Temporal Cross-Attentioncited by 9
- 2024SlimSeiz: Efficient Channel-Adaptive Seizure Prediction Using a Mamba-Enhanced Networkcited by 6
- 2025Fake-Mamba: Real-Time Speech Deepfake Detection Using Bidirectional Mamba as Self-Attention's Alternativecited by 6
- 2024TF-Mamba: A Time-Frequency Network for Sound Source Localizationcited by 5
- 2024VoiceWukong: Benchmarking Deepfake Voice Detectioncited by 5
- 2024Passive Deepfake Detection Across Multi-modalities: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 4
- 2024MambaFoley: Foley Sound Generation using Selective State-Space Modelscited by 3
- 2025PhonemeFake: Redefining Deepfake Realism with Language-Driven Segmental Manipulation and Adaptive Bilevel Detectioncited by 3
14 more
- 2024EMMA: Empowering Multi-modal Mamba with Structural and Hierarchical Alignmentcited by 2
- 2025Deep Active Speech Cancellation with Mamba-Masking Networkcited by 2
- 2024Venturing into Uncharted Waters: The Navigation Compass from Transformer to Mambacited by 1
- 2025Generalizable Speech Deepfake Detection via Information Bottleneck Enhanced Adversarial Alignmentcited by 1
- 2025SONAR: Spectral-Contrastive Audio Residuals for Generalizable Deepfake Detectioncited by 1
- 2026Investigating the Viability of Employing Multi-modal Large Language Models in the Context of Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 1
- 2026XLSR-MamBo: Scaling the Hybrid Mamba-Attention Backbone for Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 1
- 2024An Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Method for Locating Manipulated Region in partially fake Audiocited by 0
- 2025Active Speech Enhancement: Active Speech Denoising Decliping and Deveraberationcited by 0
- 2025Unmasking Synthetic Realities in Generative AI: A Comprehensive Review of Adversarially Robust Deepfake Detection Systemscited by 0
- 2025An overview of neural architectures for self-supervised audio representation learning from masked spectrogramscited by 0
- 2025Zero-Shot to Zero-Lies: Detecting Bengali Deepfake Audio through Transfer Learningcited by 0
- 2026ICLAD: In-Context Learning with Comparison-Guidance for Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Probing Speaker Identity Sensitivity in Audio Deepfake Detectorscited by 0
- 2026Probing Speaker Identity Sensitivity in Audio Deepfake Detectors23 Jul 2026
- 2026ICLAD: In-Context Learning with Comparison-Guidance for Audio Deepfake Detection17 Apr 2026
- 2026XLSR-MamBo: Scaling the Hybrid Mamba-Attention Backbone for Audio Deepfake Detection6 Jan 2026
- 2026Investigating the Viability of Employing Multi-modal Large Language Models in the Context of Audio Deepfake Detection2 Jan 2026
- 2025Zero-Shot to Zero-Lies: Detecting Bengali Deepfake Audio through Transfer Learning25 Dec 2025
- 2025SONAR: Spectral-Contrastive Audio Residuals for Generalizable Deepfake Detection26 Nov 2025
- 2025Generalizable Speech Deepfake Detection via Information Bottleneck Enhanced Adversarial Alignment28 Sep 2025
- 2025An overview of neural architectures for self-supervised audio representation learning from masked spectrograms23 Sep 2025
- 2025Fake-Mamba: Real-Time Speech Deepfake Detection Using Bidirectional Mamba as Self-Attention's Alternative12 Aug 2025
- 2025Unmasking Synthetic Realities in Generative AI: A Comprehensive Review of Adversarially Robust Deepfake Detection Systems24 Jul 2025
- 2025PhonemeFake: Redefining Deepfake Realism with Language-Driven Segmental Manipulation and Adaptive Bilevel Detection28 Jun 2025
- 2025Active Speech Enhancement: Active Speech Denoising Decliping and Deveraberation22 May 2025
14 more
- 2025BiCrossMamba-ST: Speech Deepfake Detection with Bidirectional Mamba Spectro-Temporal Cross-Attention20 May 2025
- 2025ALLM4ADD: Unlocking the Capabilities of Audio Large Language Models for Audio Deepfake Detection16 May 2025
- 2025Nes2Net: A Lightweight Nested Architecture for Foundation Model Driven Speech Anti-spoofing8 Apr 2025
- 2025Deep Active Speech Cancellation with Mamba-Masking Network3 Feb 2025
- 2024Passive Deepfake Detection Across Multi-modalities: A Comprehensive Survey26 Nov 2024
- 2024XLSR-Mamba: A Dual-Column Bidirectional State Space Model for Spoofing Attack Detection15 Nov 2024
- 2024SlimSeiz: Efficient Channel-Adaptive Seizure Prediction Using a Mamba-Enhanced Network13 Oct 2024
- 2024EMMA: Empowering Multi-modal Mamba with Structural and Hierarchical Alignment8 Oct 2024
- 2024MambaFoley: Foley Sound Generation using Selective State-Space Models13 Sep 2024
- 2024VoiceWukong: Benchmarking Deepfake Voice Detection10 Sep 2024
- 2024TF-Mamba: A Time-Frequency Network for Sound Source Localization8 Sep 2024
- 2024Speech Slytherin: Examining the Performance and Efficiency of Mamba for Speech Separation, Recognition, and Synthesis13 Jul 2024
- 2024An Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Method for Locating Manipulated Region in partially fake Audio11 Jul 2024
- 2024Venturing into Uncharted Waters: The Navigation Compass from Transformer to Mamba24 Jun 2024
- 2024XLSR-Mamba: A Dual-Column Bidirectional State Space Model for Spoofing Attack Detectioncited by 27
- 2024Speech Slytherin: Examining the Performance and Efficiency of Mamba for Speech Separation, Recognition, and Synthesiscited by 22
- 2025BiCrossMamba-ST: Speech Deepfake Detection with Bidirectional Mamba Spectro-Temporal Cross-Attentioncited by 9
- 2024SlimSeiz: Efficient Channel-Adaptive Seizure Prediction Using a Mamba-Enhanced Networkcited by 6
- 2025Fake-Mamba: Real-Time Speech Deepfake Detection Using Bidirectional Mamba as Self-Attention's Alternativecited by 6
- 2024TF-Mamba: A Time-Frequency Network for Sound Source Localizationcited by 5
- 2024EMMA: Empowering Multi-modal Mamba with Structural and Hierarchical Alignmentcited by 2
- 2025Deep Active Speech Cancellation with Mamba-Masking Networkcited by 2
- 2024Venturing into Uncharted Waters: The Navigation Compass from Transformer to Mambacited by 1
- 2026XLSR-MamBo: Scaling the Hybrid Mamba-Attention Backbone for Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 1
- 2025An overview of neural architectures for self-supervised audio representation learning from masked spectrogramscited by 0
- 2026XLSR-MamBo: Scaling the Hybrid Mamba-Attention Backbone for Audio Deepfake Detection6 Jan 2026
- 2025An overview of neural architectures for self-supervised audio representation learning from masked spectrograms23 Sep 2025
- 2025Fake-Mamba: Real-Time Speech Deepfake Detection Using Bidirectional Mamba as Self-Attention's Alternative12 Aug 2025
- 2025BiCrossMamba-ST: Speech Deepfake Detection with Bidirectional Mamba Spectro-Temporal Cross-Attention20 May 2025
- 2025Deep Active Speech Cancellation with Mamba-Masking Network3 Feb 2025
- 2024XLSR-Mamba: A Dual-Column Bidirectional State Space Model for Spoofing Attack Detection15 Nov 2024
- 2024SlimSeiz: Efficient Channel-Adaptive Seizure Prediction Using a Mamba-Enhanced Network13 Oct 2024
- 2024EMMA: Empowering Multi-modal Mamba with Structural and Hierarchical Alignment8 Oct 2024
- 2024TF-Mamba: A Time-Frequency Network for Sound Source Localization8 Sep 2024
- 2024Speech Slytherin: Examining the Performance and Efficiency of Mamba for Speech Separation, Recognition, and Synthesis13 Jul 2024
- 2024Venturing into Uncharted Waters: The Navigation Compass from Transformer to Mamba24 Jun 2024
- 2025Nes2Net: A Lightweight Nested Architecture for Foundation Model Driven Speech Anti-spoofingcited by 17
- 2025ALLM4ADD: Unlocking the Capabilities of Audio Large Language Models for Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 17
- 2024VoiceWukong: Benchmarking Deepfake Voice Detectioncited by 5
- 2024Passive Deepfake Detection Across Multi-modalities: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 4
- 2025PhonemeFake: Redefining Deepfake Realism with Language-Driven Segmental Manipulation and Adaptive Bilevel Detectioncited by 3
- 2025Generalizable Speech Deepfake Detection via Information Bottleneck Enhanced Adversarial Alignmentcited by 1
- 2025SONAR: Spectral-Contrastive Audio Residuals for Generalizable Deepfake Detectioncited by 1
- 2024An Unsupervised Domain Adaptation Method for Locating Manipulated Region in partially fake Audiocited by 0
- 2025Active Speech Enhancement: Active Speech Denoising Decliping and Deveraberationcited by 0
- 2025Unmasking Synthetic Realities in Generative AI: A Comprehensive Review of Adversarially Robust Deepfake Detection Systemscited by 0
- 2025Zero-Shot to Zero-Lies: Detecting Bengali Deepfake Audio through Transfer Learningcited by 0
- 2026ICLAD: In-Context Learning with Comparison-Guidance for Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 0
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2026Probing Speaker Identity Sensitivity in Audio Deepfake Detectors23 Jul 2026
- 2026ICLAD: In-Context Learning with Comparison-Guidance for Audio Deepfake Detection17 Apr 2026
- 2025Zero-Shot to Zero-Lies: Detecting Bengali Deepfake Audio through Transfer Learning25 Dec 2025
- 2025SONAR: Spectral-Contrastive Audio Residuals for Generalizable Deepfake Detection26 Nov 2025
- 2025Generalizable Speech Deepfake Detection via Information Bottleneck Enhanced Adversarial Alignment28 Sep 2025
- 2025Unmasking Synthetic Realities in Generative AI: A Comprehensive Review of Adversarially Robust Deepfake Detection Systems24 Jul 2025
- 2025PhonemeFake: Redefining Deepfake Realism with Language-Driven Segmental Manipulation and Adaptive Bilevel Detection28 Jun 2025
- 2025Active Speech Enhancement: Active Speech Denoising Decliping and Deveraberation22 May 2025
- 2025ALLM4ADD: Unlocking the Capabilities of Audio Large Language Models for Audio Deepfake Detection16 May 2025
- 2025Nes2Net: A Lightweight Nested Architecture for Foundation Model Driven Speech Anti-spoofing8 Apr 2025
- 2024Passive Deepfake Detection Across Multi-modalities: A Comprehensive Survey26 Nov 2024
- 2024VoiceWukong: Benchmarking Deepfake Voice Detection10 Sep 2024
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)
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- 2026ToolDF: Tool-Integrated Reasoning for Mixed-Authenticity Audio Deepfake Detection
- 2026Leveraging large multimodal models for audio-video deepfake detection: a pilot study
- 2026Component-Level Ensemble Fusion for Speech and Environmental Sound Deepfake Detection ↗
- 2026Leveraging Gradient Reversal Loss and Multitask Learning for Datasets-Aware Audio Deepfake Detection
- 2025HOLA: Enhancing Audio-visual Deepfake Detection via Hierarchical Contextual Aggregations and Efficient Pre-training
- 2025A Data-Driven Diffusion-based Approach for Audio Deepfake Explanations
- 2026MADBench: A Benchmark for Modality-Aware Audio Deepfake Detection
- 2026Interpretable All-Type Audio Deepfake Detection with Audio LLMs via Frequency-Time Reinforcement Learning