Towards a Benchmark for Causal Business Process Reasoning with LLMs
On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning for agents, planning and code
Abstract (arXiv)
Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for boosting organizational efficiency and automating tasks. While not originally designed for complex cognitive processes, recent efforts have further extended to employ LLMs in activities such as reasoning, planning, and decision-making. In business processes, such abilities could be invaluable for leveraging on the massive corpora LLMs have been trained on for gaining deep understanding of such processes. In this work, we plant the seeds for the development of a benchmark to assess the ability of LLMs to reason about causal and process perspectives of business operations. We refer to this view as Causally-augmented Business Processes (BP^C). The core of the benchmark comprises a set of BP^C related situations, a set of questions about these situations, and a set of deductive rules employed to systematically resolve the ground truth answers to these questions. Also with the power of LLMs, the seed is then instantiated into a larger-scale set of domain-specific situations and questions. Reasoning on BP^C is of crucial importance for process interventions and process improvement. Our benchmark, accessible at https://huggingface.co/datasets/ibm/BPC, can be used in one of two possible modalities: testing the performance of any target LLM and training an LLM to advance its capability to reason about BP^C.
Key facts. Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning for agents, planning and code, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 14 of its 23 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 8 Jun 2024.
Builds on
14 of 23 references.
References · 14
- 2023A Survey of Large Language Modelscited by 2,537
- 2022Emergent Abilities of Large Language Modelscited by 2,483
- 2024Can Large Language Models Reason and Plan?cited by 82
- 2023Is ChatGPT a Good Causal Reasoner? A Comprehensive Evaluationcited by 69
- 2020TORQUE: A Reading Comprehension Dataset of Temporal Ordering Questionscited by 65
- 2023Large Language Models can accomplish Business Process Management Taskscited by 34
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.
7 papers.
- 2024PM-LLM-Benchmark: Evaluating Large Language Models on Process Mining Taskscited by 16
- 2025XABPs: Towards eXplainable Autonomous Business Processescited by 3
- 2025SOP-Maze: Evaluating Large Language Models on Complicated Business Standard Operating Procedurescited by 3
- 2026SAGE: A Service Agent Graph-guided Evaluation Benchmarkcited by 2
- 2026Assessing the Business Process Modeling Competences of Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025The Algebra of Meaning: Why Machines Need Montague More Than Moore's Lawcited by 0
- 2026On the Hybrid Nature of ABPMS Process Frames and its Implications on Automated Process Discoverycited by 0
- 2026On the Hybrid Nature of ABPMS Process Frames and its Implications on Automated Process Discovery24 Apr 2026
- 2026SAGE: A Service Agent Graph-guided Evaluation Benchmark10 Apr 2026
- 2026Assessing the Business Process Modeling Competences of Large Language Models29 Jan 2026
- 2025SOP-Maze: Evaluating Large Language Models on Complicated Business Standard Operating Procedures10 Oct 2025
- 2025The Algebra of Meaning: Why Machines Need Montague More Than Moore's Law8 Oct 2025
- 2025XABPs: Towards eXplainable Autonomous Business Processes31 Jul 2025
- 2024PM-LLM-Benchmark: Evaluating Large Language Models on Process Mining Tasks18 Jul 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025Fast, Slow, and Tool-augmented Thinking for LLMs: A Review
- 2026Pragmos: A Process Agentic Modeling System
- 2025The WHY in Business Processes: Unification of Causal Process Models
- 2025A Survey on Enhancing Causal Reasoning Ability of Large Language Models
- 2025Accounting Reasoning in Large Language Models: Concepts, Evaluation, and Empirical Analysis
- 2024A Critical Review of Causal Reasoning Benchmarks for Large Language Models
- 2025Linking Process to Outcome: Conditional Reward Modeling for LLM Reasoning
- 2024Evaluating Interventional Reasoning Capabilities of Large Language Models