Generalized Source Tracing: Detecting Novel Audio Deepfake Algorithm with Real Emphasis and Fake Dispersion Strategy
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
With the proliferation of deepfake audio, there is an urgent need to investigate their attribution. Current source tracing methods can effectively distinguish in-distribution (ID) categories. However, the rapid evolution of deepfake algorithms poses a critical challenge in the accurate identification of out-of-distribution (OOD) novel deepfake algorithms. In this paper, we propose Real Emphasis and Fake Dispersion (REFD) strategy for audio deepfake algorithm recognition, demonstrating its effectiveness in discriminating ID samples while identifying OOD samples. For effective OOD detection, we first explore current post-hoc OOD methods and propose NSD, a novel OOD approach in identifying novel deepfake algorithms through the similarity consideration of both feature and logits scores. REFD achieves 86.83% F1-score as a single system in Audio Deepfake Detection Challenge 2023 Track3, showcasing its state-of-the-art performance.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 24 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 5 Jun 2024.
Builds on
24 of 34 references.
References · 24
- 2017mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimizationcited by 5,183
- 2016A Baseline for Detecting Misclassified and Out-of-Distribution Examples in Neural Networkscited by 2,385
- 2018A Simple Unified Framework for Detecting Out-of-Distribution Samples and Adversarial Attackscited by 1,485
- 2020Energy-based Out-of-distribution Detectioncited by 1,299
- 2023Neural Codec Language Models are Zero-Shot Text to Speech Synthesizerscited by 752
- 2022Out-of-Distribution Detection with Deep Nearest Neighborscited by 600
- 2019Scaling Out-of-Distribution Detection for Real-World Settingscited by 465
- 2015MUSAN: A Music, Speech, and Noise Corpuscited by 425
- 2022NaturalSpeech: End-to-End Text to Speech Synthesis with Human-Level Qualitycited by 152
- 2022ASVspoof 2021: Towards Spoofed and Deepfake Speech Detection in the Wildcited by 121
- 2022Automatic speaker verification spoofing and deepfake detection using wav2vec 2.0 and data augmentationcited by 117
- 2022ADD 2022: the First Audio Deep Synthesis Detection Challengecited by 96
12 more
- 2023ADD 2023: the Second Audio Deepfake Detection Challengecited by 64
- 2023Nearest Neighbor Guidance for Out-of-Distribution Detectioncited by 64
- 2020One-class Learning Towards Synthetic Voice Spoofing Detectioncited by 61
- 2021ASVspoof 2019: spoofing countermeasures for the detection of synthesized, converted and replayed speechcited by 58
- 2019STC Antispoofing Systems for the ASVspoof2019 Challengecited by 51
- 2023AI-Synthesized Voice Detection Using Neural Vocoder Artifactscited by 41
- 2022SpeechSplit 2.0: Unsupervised speech disentanglement for voice conversion Without tuning autoencoder Bottleneckscited by 28
- 2022AVQVC: One-shot Voice Conversion by Vector Quantization with applying contrastive learningcited by 24
- 2023Neural Relation Graph: A Unified Framework for Identifying Label Noise and Outlier Datacited by 20
- 2022An Initial Investigation for Detecting Vocoder Fingerprints of Fake Audiocited by 14
- 2023Improving Short Utterance Anti-Spoofing with AASIST2cited by 11
- 2022Source Tracing: Detecting Voice Spoofingcited by 3
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
5 papers.
- 2025Multilingual Source Tracing of Speech Deepfakes: A First Benchmarkcited by 7
- 2025STOPA: A Database of Systematic VariaTion Of DeePfake Audio for Open-Set Source Tracing and Attributioncited by 6
- 2025Unveiling Audio Deepfake Origins: A Deep Metric learning And Conformer Network Approach With Ensemble Fusioncited by 5
- 2024Passive Deepfake Detection Across Multi-modalities: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 4
- 2026Dual-Branch Gated Fusion for Open-Set Audio Deepfake Source Tracingcited by 2
- 2026Dual-Branch Gated Fusion for Open-Set Audio Deepfake Source Tracing8 Jun 2026
- 2025Multilingual Source Tracing of Speech Deepfakes: A First Benchmark6 Aug 2025
- 2025Unveiling Audio Deepfake Origins: A Deep Metric learning And Conformer Network Approach With Ensemble Fusion2 Jun 2025
- 2025STOPA: A Database of Systematic VariaTion Of DeePfake Audio for Open-Set Source Tracing and Attribution26 May 2025
- 2024Passive Deepfake Detection Across Multi-modalities: A Comprehensive Survey26 Nov 2024