Nadine: An LLM-driven Intelligent Social Robot with Affective Capabilities and Human-like Memory
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this work, we describe our approach to developing an intelligent and robust social robotic system for the Nadine social robot platform. We achieve this by integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) and skilfully leveraging the powerful reasoning and instruction-following capabilities of these types of models to achieve advanced human-like affective and cognitive capabilities. This approach is novel compared to the current state-of-the-art LLM-based agents which do not implement human-like long-term memory or sophisticated emotional appraisal. The naturalness of social robots, consisting of multiple modules, highly depends on the performance and capabilities of each component of the system and the seamless integration of the components. We built a social robot system that enables generating appropriate behaviours through multimodal input processing, bringing episodic memories accordingly to the recognised user, and simulating the emotional states of the robot induced by the interaction with the human partner. In particular, we introduce an LLM-agent frame for social robots, SoR-ReAct, serving as a core component for the interaction module in our system. This design has brought forth the advancement of social robots and aims to increase the quality of human-robot interaction.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 30 May 2024.
Builds on
18 of 42 references.
References · 18
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,278
- 2022ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting in Language Modelscited by 8,502
- 2022Do As I Can, Not As I Say: Grounding Language in Robotic Affordancescited by 2,321
- 2022Inner Monologue: Embodied Reasoning through Planning with Language Modelscited by 1,065
- 2023BloombergGPT: A Large Language Model for Financecited by 932
- 2022ProgPrompt: Generating Situated Robot Task Plans using Large Language Modelscited by 602
- 2023TidyBot: Personalized Robot Assistance with Large Language Modelscited by 220
- 2023SMART-LLM: Smart Multi-Agent Robot Task Planning using Large Language Modelscited by 152
- 2024Understanding Large-Language Model (LLM)-powered Human-Robot Interactioncited by 43
- 2024Large Language Model-based Human-Agent Collaboration for Complex Task Solvingcited by 38
- 2023LLM-BRAIn: AI-driven Fast Generation of Robot Behaviour Tree based on Large Language Modelcited by 23
- 2020Explainable robotic systems: Understanding goal-driven actions in a reinforcement learning scenariocited by 19
6 more
- 2024Probabilistically Correct Language-based Multi-Robot Planning using Conformal Predictioncited by 18
- 2023LLM-MARS: Large Language Model for Behavior Tree Generation and NLP-enhanced Dialogue in Multi-Agent Robot Systemscited by 17
- 2023VITA: A Multi-modal LLM-based System for Longitudinal, Autonomous, and Adaptive Robotic Mental Well-being Coachingcited by 13
- 2024BTGenBot: Behavior Tree Generation for Robotic Tasks with Lightweight LLMscited by 12
- 2024To Help or Not to Help: LLM-based Attentive Support for Human-Robot Group Interactionscited by 10
- 2023A Sign Language Recognition System with Pepper, Lightweight-Transformer, and LLMcited by 5
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 1; 2026: 3.
6 papers.
- 2025Project Riley: Multimodal Multi-Agent LLM Collaboration with Emotional Reasoning and Votingcited by 4
- 2026ProAct: Harnessing Streaming Motion Generation and Agentic Reasoning for Real-Time Embodied Social Interactioncited by 2
- 2024CAPE: A Chinese Dataset for Appraisal-based Emotional Generation using Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2024AI-Driven Agents with Prompts Designed for High Agreeableness Increase the Likelihood of Being Mistaken for a Human in the Turing Testcited by 0
- 2026Human-Inspired Context-Selective Multimodal Memory for Social Robotscited by 0
- 2026Exploration of Foundation Model-Based Robots in Patient and Elderly Carecited by 0
- 2026Exploration of Foundation Model-Based Robots in Patient and Elderly Care8 Jun 2026
- 2026Human-Inspired Context-Selective Multimodal Memory for Social Robots13 Apr 2026
- 2026ProAct: Harnessing Streaming Motion Generation and Agentic Reasoning for Real-Time Embodied Social Interaction15 Feb 2026
- 2025Project Riley: Multimodal Multi-Agent LLM Collaboration with Emotional Reasoning and Voting26 May 2025
- 2024AI-Driven Agents with Prompts Designed for High Agreeableness Increase the Likelihood of Being Mistaken for a Human in the Turing Test20 Nov 2024
- 2024CAPE: A Chinese Dataset for Appraisal-based Emotional Generation using Large Language Models18 Oct 2024
Similar, not cited
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- 2026MistyPilot: An Agentic Fast-Slow Thinking LLM Framework for Misty Social Robots
- 2025Building Knowledge from Interactions: An LLM-Based Architecture for Adaptive Tutoring and Social Reasoning
- 2026ARIS: Agentic and Relationship Intelligence System for Social Robots
- 2024EVOLVE: Emotion and Visual Output Learning via LLM Evaluation ↗
- 2026MistyPilot: Enabling Social-Robot Control through Multi-Agent LLM Skill Orchestration
- 2026From Social Reasoning to Embodied Interaction: An Agentic Framework for Social Robots
- 2026From Language to Action: Can LLM-Based Agents Be Used for Embodied Robot Cognition?
- 2025Towards an Adaptive Social Game-Playing Robot: An Offline Reinforcement Learning-Based Framework