Learning from Litigation: Graphs and LLMs for Retrieval and Reasoning in eDiscovery
On the map: LLM reasoning → Reasoning for agents, planning and code
Abstract (arXiv)
Electronic Discovery (eDiscovery) requires identifying relevant documents from vast collections for legal production requests. While artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) have improved document review efficiency, current methods still struggle with legal entities, citations, and complex legal artifacts. To address these challenges, we introduce DISCOvery Graph (DISCOG), an emerging system that integrates knowledge graphs for enhanced document ranking and classification, augmented by LLM-driven reasoning. DISCOG outperforms strong baselines in F1-score, precision, and recall across both balanced and imbalanced datasets. In real-world deployments, it has reduced litigation-related document review costs by approximately 98%, demonstrating significant business impact.
Key facts. No citing papers in the map yet (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Reasoning for agents, planning and code, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 19 of its 59 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 May 2024.
Builds on
19 of 59 references.
References · 19
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,491
- 2017Graph Attention Networkscited by 8,854
- 2017Inductive Representation Learning on Large Graphscited by 6,284
- 2019DistilBERT, a distilled version of BERT: smaller, faster, cheaper and lightercited by 4,243
- 2017Modeling Relational Data with Graph Convolutional Networkscited by 1,684
- 2020ColBERT: Efficient and Effective Passage Search via Contextualized Late Interaction over BERTcited by 1,160
- 2014Embedding Entities and Relations for Learning and Inference in Knowledge Basescited by 929
- 2016Complex Embeddings for Simple Link Predictioncited by 897
- 2019RotatE: Knowledge Graph Embedding by Relational Rotation in Complex Spacecited by 893
- 2018DeepInf: Social Influence Prediction with Deep Learningcited by 128
- 2022Legal Prompt Engineering for Multilingual Legal Judgement Predictioncited by 54
7 more
- 2024Can Large Language Models Identify Authorship?cited by 40
- 2024Learnable Privacy Neurons Localization in Language Modelscited by 26
- 2020Convolutional Complex Knowledge Graph Embeddingscited by 21
- 2021Goldilocks: Just-Right Tuning of BERT for Technology-Assisted Reviewcited by 11
- 2024CaseLink: Inductive Graph Learning for Legal Case Retrievalcited by 10
- 2023CaseGNN: Graph Neural Networks for Legal Case Retrieval with Text-Attributed Graphscited by 9
- 2023Correlation Clustering Algorithm for Dynamic Complete Signed Graphs: An Index-based Approachcited by 1
Built on by
Not cited yet.
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026LegalGraphRAG: Multi-Agent Graph Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Reliable Legal Reasoning
- 2025A Comparative Study of Retrieval Methods in Azure AI Search ↗
- 2024Leverage Knowledge Graph and Large Language Model for Law Article Recommendation: A Case Study of Chinese Criminal Law
- 2024CLERC: A Dataset for Legal Case Retrieval and Retrieval-Augmented Analysis Generation
- 2024Evaluating LLM-based Approaches to Legal Citation Prediction: Domain-specific Pre-training, Fine-tuning, or RAG? A Benchmark and an Australian Law Case Study
- 2025Towards Reliable Retrieval in RAG Systems for Large Legal Datasets
- 2026LexIssue: Benchmarking Legal Issue Identification in Chinese Civil Litigation
- 2025Domain-Partitioned Hybrid RAG for Legal Reasoning: Toward Modular and Explainable Legal AI for India