Evaluating Zero-Shot GPT-4V Performance on 3D Visual Question Answering Benchmarks
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
As interest in "reformulating" the 3D Visual Question Answering (VQA) problem in the context of foundation models grows, it is imperative to assess how these new paradigms influence existing closed-vocabulary datasets. In this case study, we evaluate the zero-shot performance of foundational models (GPT-4 Vision and GPT-4) on well-established 3D VQA benchmarks, namely 3D-VQA and ScanQA. We provide an investigation to contextualize the performance of GPT-based agents relative to traditional modeling approaches. We find that GPT-based agents without any fine-tuning perform on par with the closed vocabulary approaches. Our findings corroborate recent results that "blind" models establish a surprisingly strong baseline in closed-vocabulary settings. We demonstrate that agents benefit significantly from scene-specific vocabulary via in-context textual grounding. By presenting a preliminary comparison with previous baselines, we hope to inform the community's ongoing efforts to refine multi-modal 3D benchmarks.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 20 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 May 2024.
Builds on
20 of 28 references.
References · 20
- 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,708
- 2023Improved Baselines with Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 4,418
- 2023Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Modelscited by 3,211
- 2017ScanNet: Richly-annotated 3D Reconstructions of Indoor Scenescited by 3,117
- 2023MMBench: Is Your Multi-modal Model an All-around Player?cited by 2,141
- 2023SEED-Bench: Benchmarking Multimodal LLMs with Generative Comprehensioncited by 940
- 2023The Dawn of LMMs: Preliminary Explorations with GPT-4V(ision)cited by 681
- 2022Detecting Twenty-thousand Classes using Image-level Supervisioncited by 614
- 2018TVQA: Localized, Compositional Video Question Answeringcited by 467
- 2023ConceptGraphs: Open-Vocabulary 3D Scene Graphs for Perception and Planningcited by 365
- 2021ScanQA: 3D Question Answering for Spatial Scene Understandingcited by 346
- 2017Embodied Question Answeringcited by 336
8 more
- 2023Set-of-Mark Prompting Unleashes Extraordinary Visual Grounding in GPT-4Vcited by 299
- 2024STAR: A Benchmark for Situated Reasoning in Real-World Videoscited by 213
- 2023RoboVQA: Multimodal Long-Horizon Reasoning for Roboticscited by 120
- 2019Embodied Question Answering in Photorealistic Environments with Point Cloud Perceptioncited by 103
- 2019Multi-Target Embodied Question Answeringcited by 74
- 2023GroundNLQ @ Ego4D Natural Language Queries Challenge 2023cited by 20
- 2024Evaluating Tool-Augmented Agents in Remote Sensing Platformscited by 17
- 2024GeckOpt: LLM System Efficiency via Intent-Based Tool Selectioncited by 12
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 5; 2026: 1.
10 papers.
- 2025Unveiling the Mist over 3D Vision-Language Understanding: Object-centric Evaluation with Chain-of-Analysiscited by 23
- 2024Coarse Correspondences Boost Spatial-Temporal Reasoning in Multimodal Language Modelcited by 21
- 2025Embodied Intelligence for 3D Understanding: A Survey on 3D Scene Question Answeringcited by 11
- 20253D Question Answering via only 2D Vision-Language Modelscited by 10
- 2024LLM-dCache: Improving Tool-Augmented LLMs with GPT-Driven Localized Data Cachingcited by 7
- 20253D-MoRe: Unified Modal-Contextual Reasoning for Embodied Question Answeringcited by 5
- 2026Qwen-3D: A Generalist 3D Vision-Language Model for Spatial Understandingcited by 5
- 2024Benchmarking Large Language Models for Image Classification of Marine Mammalscited by 4
- 2024Multi-LLM QA with Embodied Explorationcited by 3
- 2025SweeperBot: Making 3D Browsing Accessible through View Analysis and Visual Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2026Qwen-3D: A Generalist 3D Vision-Language Model for Spatial Understanding4 Aug 2026
- 2025SweeperBot: Making 3D Browsing Accessible through View Analysis and Visual Question Answering18 Nov 2025
- 20253D-MoRe: Unified Modal-Contextual Reasoning for Embodied Question Answering16 Jul 2025
- 20253D Question Answering via only 2D Vision-Language Models28 May 2025
- 2025Unveiling the Mist over 3D Vision-Language Understanding: Object-centric Evaluation with Chain-of-Analysis28 Mar 2025
- 2025Embodied Intelligence for 3D Understanding: A Survey on 3D Scene Question Answering1 Feb 2025
- 2024Benchmarking Large Language Models for Image Classification of Marine Mammals22 Oct 2024
- 2024Coarse Correspondences Boost Spatial-Temporal Reasoning in Multimodal Language Model1 Aug 2024
- 2024Multi-LLM QA with Embodied Exploration16 Jun 2024
- 2024LLM-dCache: Improving Tool-Augmented LLMs with GPT-Driven Localized Data Caching10 Jun 2024