Mamba4KT:An Efficient and Effective Mamba-based Knowledge Tracing Model
On the map: State-space sequence models (S4, Mamba) → Core SSM architectures for language
Abstract (arXiv)
Knowledge tracing (KT) enhances student learning by leveraging past performance to predict future performance. Current research utilizes models based on attention mechanisms and recurrent neural network structures to capture long-term dependencies and correlations between exercises, aiming to improve model accuracy. Due to the growing amount of data in smart education scenarios, this poses a challenge in terms of time and space consumption for knowledge tracing models. However, existing research often overlooks the efficiency of model training and inference and the constraints of training resources. Recognizing the significance of prioritizing model efficiency and resource usage in knowledge tracing, we introduce Mamba4KT. This novel model is the first to explore enhanced efficiency and resource utilization in knowledge tracing. We also examine the interpretability of the Mamba structure both sequence-level and exercise-level to enhance model interpretability. Experimental findings across three public datasets demonstrate that Mamba4KT achieves comparable prediction accuracy to state-of-the-art models while significantly improving training and inference efficiency and resource utilization. As educational data continues to grow, our work suggests a promising research direction for knowledge tracing that improves model prediction accuracy, model efficiency, resource utilization, and interpretability simultaneously.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Core SSM architectures for language, one of 10 directions in State-space sequence models (S4, Mamba). Builds on 20 of its 32 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 May 2024.
Builds on
20 of 32 references.
Closest ancestors · 3
Same direction, newest first
- 2024The Hidden Attention of Mamba Models3 Mar
- 2023Mamba: Linear-Time Sequence Modeling with Selective State Spaces1 Dec
- 2021Efficiently Modeling Long Sequences with Structured State Spaces31 Oct
Other references · 17
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
- 2020Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attentioncited by 4,586
- 2024Vision Mamba: Efficient Visual Representation Learning with Bidirectional State Space Modelcited by 1,056
- 2024U-Mamba: Enhancing Long-range Dependency for Biomedical Image Segmentationcited by 419
- 2015Deep Knowledge Tracingcited by 332
- 2020Context-Aware Attentive Knowledge Tracingcited by 174
- 2019A Self-Attentive model for Knowledge Tracingcited by 172
- 2020Towards an Appropriate Query, Key, and Value Computation for Knowledge Tracingcited by 81
- 2022Knowledge Tracing: A Surveycited by 77
- 2024TimeMachine: A Time Series is Worth 4 Mambas for Long-term Forecastingcited by 64
- 2022pyKT: A Python Library to Benchmark Deep Learning based Knowledge Tracing Modelscited by 52
- 2019Deep-IRT: Make Deep Learning Based Knowledge Tracing Explainable Using Item Response Theorycited by 51
5 more
- 2021Enhancing Knowledge Tracing via Adversarial Trainingcited by 31
- 2020Attentional Graph Convolutional Networks for Knowledge Concept Recommendation in MOOCs in a Heterogeneous Viewcited by 30
- 2024Mamba4Rec: Towards Efficient Sequential Recommendation with Selective State Space Modelscited by 26
- 2024Uncovering Selective State Space Model's Capabilities in Lifelong Sequential Recommendationcited by 17
- 2023Forgetting-aware Linear Bias for Attentive Knowledge Tracingcited by 13
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 4; 2026: 1.
6 papers.
- 2024A Survey of Mambacited by 39
- 2025Disentangled Knowledge Tracing for Alleviating Cognitive Biascited by 12
- 2025DKT2: Revisiting Applicable and Comprehensive Knowledge Tracing in Large-Scale Datacited by 4
- 2025AdvKT: An Adversarial Multi-Step Training Framework for Knowledge Tracingcited by 0
- 2025Ken Utilization Layer: Hebbian Replay Within a Student's Ken for Adaptive Exercise Recommendationcited by 0
- 2026MBP-KT: Learning Global Collaborative Information from Meta-Behavioral Pattern for Enhanced Knowledge Tracingcited by 0
- 2026MBP-KT: Learning Global Collaborative Information from Meta-Behavioral Pattern for Enhanced Knowledge Tracing9 May 2026
- 2025Ken Utilization Layer: Hebbian Replay Within a Student's Ken for Adaptive Exercise Recommendation18 Jun 2025
- 2025AdvKT: An Adversarial Multi-Step Training Framework for Knowledge Tracing7 Apr 2025
- 2025Disentangled Knowledge Tracing for Alleviating Cognitive Bias4 Mar 2025
- 2025DKT2: Revisiting Applicable and Comprehensive Knowledge Tracing in Large-Scale Data24 Jan 2025
- 2024A Survey of Mamba2 Aug 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2026MERIT: Memory-Enhanced Retrieval for Interpretable Knowledge Tracing
- 2025Language Bottleneck Models for Qualitative Knowledge State Modeling
- 2026Explainable Knowledge Tracing via Probabilistic Embeddings and Pattern-based Reasoning
- 2025LLM-driven Effective Knowledge Tracing by Integrating Dual-channel Difficulty
- 2022DGEKT: A Dual Graph Ensemble Learning Method for Knowledge Tracing
- 2026A Training-Free Large Reasoning Model-based Knowledge Tracing Framework for Unified Prediction and Prescription
- 2021LANA: Towards Personalized Deep Knowledge Tracing Through Distinguishable Interactive Sequences
- 2023Talking Models: Distill Pre-trained Knowledge to Downstream Models via Interactive Communication