Atomic Self-Consistency for Better Long Form Generations
On the map: LLM reasoning → Test-time compute and efficient thinking
Abstract (arXiv)
Recent work has aimed to improve LLM generations by filtering out hallucinations, thereby improving the precision of the information in responses. Correctness of a long-form response, however, also depends on the recall of multiple pieces of information relevant to the question. In this paper, we introduce Atomic Self-Consistency (ASC), a technique for improving the recall of relevant information in an LLM response. ASC follows recent work, Universal Self-Consistency (USC) in using multiple stochastic samples from an LLM to improve the long-form response. Unlike USC which only focuses on selecting the best single generation, ASC picks authentic subparts from the samples and merges them into a superior composite answer. Through extensive experiments and ablations, we show that merging relevant subparts of multiple samples performs significantly better than picking a single sample. ASC demonstrates significant gains over USC on multiple factoids and open-ended QA datasets - ASQA, QAMPARI, QUEST, ELI5 with ChatGPT and Llama2. Our analysis also reveals untapped potential for enhancing long-form generations using approach of merging multiple samples.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Test-time compute and efficient thinking, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 20 of its 40 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 May 2024.
Builds on
20 of 40 references.
Closest ancestors · 2
Same direction, newest first
- 2024EAGLE: Speculative Sampling Requires Rethinking Feature Uncertainty26 Jan
- 2023Universal Self-Consistency for Large Language Model Generation29 Nov
Other references · 18
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
- 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 13,028
- 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,708
- 2023Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4cited by 2,592
- 2021SimCSE: Simple Contrastive Learning of Sentence Embeddingscited by 2,173
- 2023FActScore: Fine-grained Atomic Evaluation of Factual Precision in Long Form Text Generationcited by 1,282
- 2023Enabling Large Language Models to Generate Text with Citationscited by 595
- 2019ELI5: Long Form Question Answeringcited by 575
- 2021Large Dual Encoders Are Generalizable Retrieverscited by 456
- 2023Large Language Models are Effective Text Rankers with Pairwise Ranking Promptingcited by 307
- 2023Evaluating Verifiability in Generative Search Enginescited by 303
- 2022ASQA: Factoid Questions Meet Long-Form Answerscited by 234
6 more
- 2022Natural Language to Code Translation with Executioncited by 124
- 2023Do Language Models Know When They're Hallucinating References?cited by 116
- 2023QUEST: A Retrieval Dataset of Entity-Seeking Queries with Implicit Set Operationscited by 31
- 2020A Benchmark Dataset of Check-worthy Factual Claimscited by 27
- 2022Self-consistent Reasoning For Solving Math Word Problemscited by 10
- 2024Fine-Grained Self-Endorsement Improves Factuality and Reasoningcited by 7
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 6.
10 papers.
- 2024Atomic Calibration of LLMs in Long-Form Generationscited by 24
- 2024A Survey on the Honesty of Large Language Modelscited by 23
- 2024Integrative Decoding: Improve Factuality via Implicit Self-consistencycited by 8
- 2025Slm-mux: Orchestrating small language models for reasoningcited by 6
- 2024uMedSum: A Unified Framework for Advancing Medical Abstractive Summarizationcited by 3
- 2025Accurate and Consistent Graph Model Generation from Text with Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2025Atomic Consistency Preference Optimization for Long-Form Question Answeringcited by 1
- 2025Equipping Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models with Document Structure Awarenesscited by 1
- 2025Sample, Align, Synthesize: Graph-Based Response Synthesis with ConGrscited by 0
- 2025Evaluation of retrieval-based QA on QUEST-LOFTcited by 0
- 2025Evaluation of retrieval-based QA on QUEST-LOFT8 Nov 2025
- 2025Slm-mux: Orchestrating small language models for reasoning6 Oct 2025
- 2025Equipping Retrieval-Augmented Large Language Models with Document Structure Awareness5 Oct 2025
- 2025Sample, Align, Synthesize: Graph-Based Response Synthesis with ConGrs3 Oct 2025
- 2025Accurate and Consistent Graph Model Generation from Text with Large Language Models1 Aug 2025
- 2025Atomic Consistency Preference Optimization for Long-Form Question Answering14 May 2025
- 2024Atomic Calibration of LLMs in Long-Form Generations17 Oct 2024
- 2024Integrative Decoding: Improve Factuality via Implicit Self-consistency2 Oct 2024
- 2024A Survey on the Honesty of Large Language Models27 Sep 2024
- 2024uMedSum: A Unified Framework for Advancing Medical Abstractive Summarization22 Aug 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025Optimal Self-Consistency for Efficient Reasoning with Large Language Models
- 2023Let's Sample Step by Step: Adaptive-Consistency for Efficient Reasoning and Coding with LLMs
- 2026Reliability-Aware Adaptive Self-Consistency for Efficient Sampling in LLM Reasoning
- 2026Evaluating LLM Uncertainty in Long-Form Generation Using Deterministic Ground Truth
- 2024Integrate the Essence and Eliminate the Dross: Fine-Grained Self-Consistency for Free-Form Language Generation
- 2025Self-Consistency Is Losing Its Edge: Diminishing Returns and Rising Costs in Modern LLMs
- 2025Adaptive Retrieval Without Self-Knowledge? Bringing Uncertainty Back Home
- 2026A Hierarchical Consistency Framework for Auditing Retrieval-Augmented Generation Systems