Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) for Time Series Analysis
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper introduces a novel application of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) to time series forecasting, leveraging their adaptive activation functions for enhanced predictive modeling. Inspired by the Kolmogorov-Arnold representation theorem, KANs replace traditional linear weights with spline-parametrized univariate functions, allowing them to learn activation patterns dynamically. We demonstrate that KANs outperforms conventional Multi-Layer Perceptrons (MLPs) in a real-world satellite traffic forecasting task, providing more accurate results with considerably fewer number of learnable parameters. We also provide an ablation study of KAN-specific parameters impact on performance. The proposed approach opens new avenues for adaptive forecasting models, emphasizing the potential of KANs as a powerful tool in predictive analytics.
Key facts. Cited by 98 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 8 of its 21 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 May 2024.
Builds on
8 of 21 references.
References · 8
- 2024KAN: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networkscited by 649
- 2020Time Series Forecasting With Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 459
- 2019Financial Time Series Forecasting with Deep Learning : A Systematic Literature Review: 2005-2019cited by 273
- 2017Conditional Time Series Forecasting with Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 123
- 2020The Kolmogorov-Arnold representation theorem revisitedcited by 89
- 2023Scaling MLPs: A Tale of Inductive Biascited by 37
- 2023Weather2K: A Multivariate Spatio-Temporal Benchmark Dataset for Meteorological Forecasting Based on Real-Time Observation Data from Ground Weather Stationscited by 18
- 2020Robust Analysis of Stock Price Time Series Using CNN and LSTM-Based Deep Learning Modelscited by 11
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 50; 2025: 32; 2026: 16.
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- 2024KAN 2.0: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks Meet Sciencecited by 118
- 2024A comprehensive and FAIR comparison between MLP and KAN representations for differential equations and operator networkscited by 104
- 2024Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Time Series: Bridging Predictive Power and Interpretabilitycited by 70
- 2024A Survey on Kolmogorov-Arnold Networkcited by 68
- 2024KAN-ODEs: Kolmogorov-Arnold Network Ordinary Differential Equations for Learning Dynamical Systems and Hidden Physicscited by 59
- 2024A Temporal Kolmogorov-Arnold Transformer for Time Series Forecastingcited by 52
- 2024KAGNNs: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks meet Graph Learningcited by 49
- 2024Kolmogorov-Arnold Network for Satellite Image Classification in Remote Sensingcited by 47
- 2024Adaptive Training of Grid-Dependent Physics-Informed Kolmogorov-Arnold Networkscited by 38
- 2024KANQAS: Kolmogorov-Arnold Network for Quantum Architecture Searchcited by 37
- 2024On the expressiveness and spectral bias of KANscited by 37
- 2024rKAN: Rational Kolmogorov-Arnold Networkscited by 35
38 more
- 2024Suitability of KANs for Computer Vision: A preliminary investigationcited by 34
- 2024ReLU-KAN: New Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks that Only Need Matrix Addition, Dot Multiplication, and ReLUcited by 33
- 2024Exploring the Limitations of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks in Classification: Insights to Software Training and Hardware Implementationcited by 22
- 2024CoxKAN: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Interpretable, High-Performance Survival Analysiscited by 22
- 2024FC-KAN: Function Combinations in Kolmogorov-Arnold Networkscited by 19
- 2024Reduced Effectiveness of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks on Functions with Noisecited by 17
- 2024DropKAN: Regularizing KANs by masking post-activationscited by 14
- 2024F-KANs: Federated Kolmogorov-Arnold Networkscited by 14
- 2024SigKAN: Signature-Weighted Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Time Seriescited by 13
- 2024SPIKANs: Separable Physics-Informed Kolmogorov-Arnold Networkscited by 12
- 2024On the Robustness of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks: An Adversarial Perspectivecited by 11
- 2024Generalization Bounds and Model Complexity for Kolmogorov-Arnold Networkscited by 11
- 2024Kolmogorov-Arnold Network for Online Reinforcement Learningcited by 9
- 2024Multifidelity Kolmogorov-Arnold Networkscited by 9
- 2024Exploring Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Interpretable Time Series Classificationcited by 8
- 2025QKAN-LSTM: Quantum-inspired Kolmogorov-Arnold Long Short-term Memorycited by 8
- 2024KAN versus MLP on Irregular or Noisy Functionscited by 7
- 2024The Dawn of KAN in Image-to-Image (I2I) Translation: Integrating Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks with GANs for Unpaired I2I Translationcited by 7
- 2025Kolmogorov-Arnold Recurrent Network for Short Term Load Forecasting Across Diverse Consumerscited by 7
- 2024Are KANs Effective for Multivariate Time Series Forecasting?cited by 6
- 2024A Gated Residual Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Mixtures of Expertscited by 6
- 2024HyperKAN: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks make Hyperspectral Image Classificators Smartercited by 5
- 2024Rethinking the Function of Neurons in KANscited by 5
- 2024FourierKAN outperforms MLP on Text Classification Head Fine-tuningcited by 5
- 2025Fast and Accurate Gigapixel Pathological Image Classification with Hierarchical Distillation Multi-Instance Learningcited by 5
- 2026FEKAN: Feature-Enriched Kolmogorov-Arnold Networkscited by 5
- 2026LESA: Learnable Stage-Aware Predictors for Diffusion Model Accelerationcited by 5
- 2024SpectralKAN: Weighted Activation Distribution Kolmogorov-Arnold Network for Hyperspectral Image Change Detectioncited by 4
- 2024KAN we improve on HEP classification tasks? Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks applied to an LHC physics examplecited by 4
- 2024Incorporating Arbitrary Matrix Group Equivariance into KANscited by 4
- 2025Leveraging KANs for Expedient Training of Multichannel MLPs via Preconditioning and Geometric Refinementcited by 4
- 2025On the Rate of Convergence of Kolmogorov-Arnold Network Regression Estimatorscited by 4
- 2026KANtize: Exploring Low-bit Quantization of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Efficient Inferencecited by 4
- 2026Gated QKAN-FWP: Scalable Quantum-inspired Sequence Learningcited by 4
- 2024KAN v.s. MLP for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
- 2024P1-KAN: an effective Kolmogorov-Arnold network with application to hydraulic valley optimizationcited by 3
- 2024HiPPO-KAN: Efficient KAN Model for Time Series Analysiscited by 3
- 2024Granger Causality Detection with Kolmogorov-Arnold Networkscited by 3
50 most cited of 98 All 98 (JSON)
- 2026RecKAN: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks with a Learnable Recursive Polynomial Basis1 Sep 2026
- 2026SechKAN: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks with Hyperbolic Secant Functions30 Jun 2026
- 2026Hybrid Kolmogorov-Arnold Network and XGBoost Framework for Week-Ahead Price Forecasting in Australia's National Electricity Market21 May 2026
- 2026Posterior Contraction Rates for Sparse Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks in Anisotropic Besov Spaces12 May 2026
- 2026Gated QKAN-FWP: Scalable Quantum-inspired Sequence Learning7 May 2026
- 2026Temporal Functional Circuits: From Spline Plots to Faithful Explanations in KAN Forecasting7 May 2026
- 2026KANs need curvature: penalties for compositional smoothness4 May 2026
- 2026Singularity Formation: Synergy in Theoretical, Numerical and Machine Learning Approaches18 Apr 2026
- 2026Hardware-Oriented Inference Complexity of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks3 Apr 2026
- 2026SINDy-KANs: Sparse identification of non-linear dynamics through Kolmogorov-Arnold networks19 Mar 2026
- 2026KANtize: Exploring Low-bit Quantization of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Efficient Inference18 Mar 2026
- 2026Multilevel Training for Kolmogorov Arnold Networks5 Mar 2026
38 more
- 2026LESA: Learnable Stage-Aware Predictors for Diffusion Model Acceleration24 Feb 2026
- 2026FEKAN: Feature-Enriched Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks18 Feb 2026
- 2026Optimization, Generalization and Differential Privacy Bounds for Gradient Descent on Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks29 Jan 2026
- 2026Learning Nonlinear Heterogeneity in Physical Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks20 Jan 2026
- 2025DecoKAN: Interpretable Decomposition for Forecasting Cryptocurrency Market Dynamics23 Dec 2025
- 2025KAN-Dreamer: Benchmarking Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks as Function Approximators in World Models8 Dec 2025
- 2025QKAN-LSTM: Quantum-inspired Kolmogorov-Arnold Long Short-term Memory4 Dec 2025
- 2025KAN vs LSTM Performance in Time Series Forecasting23 Nov 2025
- 2025DE-KAN: A Kolmogorov Arnold Network with Dual Encoder for accurate 2D Teeth Segmentation23 Nov 2025
- 2025KAN-SAs: Efficient Acceleration of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks on Systolic Arrays20 Nov 2025
- 2025Worst-Case Distance-Aware Error Bounds for Neural Networks24 Oct 2025
- 2025A Primer on Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) for Probabilistic Time Series Forecasting19 Oct 2025
- 2025PO-CKAN:Physics Informed Deep Operator Kolmogorov Arnold Networks with Chunk Rational Structure9 Oct 2025
- 2025Algorithms and data structures for automatic precision estimation of neural networks29 Sep 2025
- 2025Process-Informed Forecasting of Complex Thermal Dynamics in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing24 Sep 2025
- 2025On the Rate of Convergence of Kolmogorov-Arnold Network Regression Estimators24 Sep 2025
- 2025Multimodal Regression for Enzyme Turnover Rates Prediction15 Sep 2025
- 2025Combinations of Fast Activation and Trigonometric Functions in Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks16 Aug 2025
- 2025Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks-based GRU and LSTM for Loan Default Early Prediction18 Jul 2025
- 2025Capsule-ConvKAN: A Hybrid Neural Approach to Medical Image Classification8 Jul 2025
- 2025TFKAN: Time-Frequency KAN for Long-Term Time Series Forecasting15 Jun 2025
- 2025Hyperspectral Image Classification via Transformer-based Spectral-Spatial Attention Decoupling and Adaptive Gating10 Jun 2025
- 2025Leveraging KANs for Expedient Training of Multichannel MLPs via Preconditioning and Geometric Refinement23 May 2025
- 2025Personalized Control for Lower Limb Prosthesis Using Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks14 May 2025
- 2025Enhancing Federated Learning with Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks: A Comparative Study Across Diverse Aggregation Strategies12 May 2025
- 2025iTFKAN: Interpretable Time Series Forecasting with Kolmogorov-Arnold Network23 Apr 2025
- 2025Conformalized-KANs: Uncertainty Quantification with Coverage Guarantees for Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KANs) in Scientific Machine Learning21 Apr 2025
- 2025Dynamic 3D KAN Convolution with Adaptive Grid Optimization for Hyperspectral Image Classification21 Apr 2025
- 2025Physics-informed KAN PointNet: Deep learning for simultaneous solutions to inverse problems in incompressible flow on numerous irregular geometries8 Apr 2025
- 2025Semi-KAN: KAN Provides an Effective Representation for Semi-Supervised Learning in Medical Image Segmentation19 Mar 2025
- 2025AF-KAN: Activation Function-Based Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Efficient Representation Learning8 Mar 2025
- 2025Fast and Accurate Gigapixel Pathological Image Classification with Hierarchical Distillation Multi-Instance Learning28 Feb 2025
- 2025HKAN: Hierarchical Kolmogorov-Arnold Network without Backpropagation30 Jan 2025
- 2025Kolmogorov-Arnold Recurrent Network for Short Term Load Forecasting Across Diverse Consumers12 Jan 2025
- 2025Distance-Aware Error for Spline Networks: A Bottom-Up Approach to Uncertainty8 Jan 2025
- 2025Boosting the Accuracy of Stock Market Prediction via Multi-Layer Hybrid MTL Structure1 Jan 2025
- 2024Zero Shot Time Series Forecasting Using Kolmogorov Arnold Networks19 Dec 2024
- 2024Granger Causality Detection with Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks19 Dec 2024
50 newest of 98 All 98 (JSON)
- 2024KAN v.s. MLP for Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
- 2024KAN v.s. MLP for Offline Reinforcement Learning15 Sep 2024
- 2024KAN 2.0: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks Meet Sciencecited by 118
- 2024A comprehensive and FAIR comparison between MLP and KAN representations for differential equations and operator networkscited by 104
- 2024Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Time Series: Bridging Predictive Power and Interpretabilitycited by 70
- 2024A Survey on Kolmogorov-Arnold Networkcited by 68
- 2024KAN-ODEs: Kolmogorov-Arnold Network Ordinary Differential Equations for Learning Dynamical Systems and Hidden Physicscited by 59
- 2024A Temporal Kolmogorov-Arnold Transformer for Time Series Forecastingcited by 52
- 2024KAGNNs: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks meet Graph Learningcited by 49
- 2024Kolmogorov-Arnold Network for Satellite Image Classification in Remote Sensingcited by 47
- 2024Adaptive Training of Grid-Dependent Physics-Informed Kolmogorov-Arnold Networkscited by 38
- 2024KANQAS: Kolmogorov-Arnold Network for Quantum Architecture Searchcited by 37
- 2024On the expressiveness and spectral bias of KANscited by 37
- 2024rKAN: Rational Kolmogorov-Arnold Networkscited by 35
12 most cited of 92 All 92 (JSON)
- 2026RecKAN: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks with a Learnable Recursive Polynomial Basis1 Sep 2026
- 2026SechKAN: Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks with Hyperbolic Secant Functions30 Jun 2026
- 2026Hybrid Kolmogorov-Arnold Network and XGBoost Framework for Week-Ahead Price Forecasting in Australia's National Electricity Market21 May 2026
- 2026Posterior Contraction Rates for Sparse Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks in Anisotropic Besov Spaces12 May 2026
- 2026Gated QKAN-FWP: Scalable Quantum-inspired Sequence Learning7 May 2026
- 2026Temporal Functional Circuits: From Spline Plots to Faithful Explanations in KAN Forecasting7 May 2026
- 2026KANs need curvature: penalties for compositional smoothness4 May 2026
- 2026Singularity Formation: Synergy in Theoretical, Numerical and Machine Learning Approaches18 Apr 2026
- 2026Hardware-Oriented Inference Complexity of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks3 Apr 2026
- 2026SINDy-KANs: Sparse identification of non-linear dynamics through Kolmogorov-Arnold networks19 Mar 2026
- 2026KANtize: Exploring Low-bit Quantization of Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks for Efficient Inference18 Mar 2026
- 2026Multilevel Training for Kolmogorov Arnold Networks5 Mar 2026
12 newest of 92 All 92 (JSON)