The Constant in HATE: Analyzing Toxicity in Reddit across Topics and Languages
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Abstract (arXiv)
Toxic language remains an ongoing challenge on social media platforms, presenting significant issues for users and communities. This paper provides a cross-topic and cross-lingual analysis of toxicity in Reddit conversations. We collect 1.5 million comment threads from 481 communities in six languages: English, German, Spanish, Turkish,Arabic, and Dutch, covering 80 topics such as Culture, Politics, and News. We thoroughly analyze how toxicity spikes within different communities in relation to specific topics. We observe consistent patterns of increased toxicity across languages for certain topics, while also noting significant variations within specific language communities.
Key facts. Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 42 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 29 Apr 2024.
Builds on
14 of 42 references.
References · 14
- 2020GoEmotions: A Dataset of Fine-Grained Emotionscited by 486
- 2020HateXplain: A Benchmark Dataset for Explainable Hate Speech Detectioncited by 407
- 2020The Pushshift Reddit Datasetcited by 292
- 2022A New Generation of Perspective API: Efficient Multilingual Character-level Transformerscited by 185
- 2020Directions in Abusive Language Training Data: Garbage In, Garbage Outcited by 140
- 2018Community Interaction and Conflict on the Webcited by 74
- 2022Detecting and Understanding Harmful Memes: A Surveycited by 58
- 2018Challenges for Toxic Comment Classification: An In-Depth Error Analysiscited by 56
- 2023COBRA Frames: Contextual Reasoning about Effects and Harms of Offensive Statementscited by 34
- 2017Anyone Can Become a Troll: Causes of Trolling Behavior in Online Discussionscited by 30
- 2021The Structure of Toxic Conversations on Twittercited by 22
- 2019Something's Brewing! Early Prediction of Controversy-causing Posts from Discussion Featurescited by 21
2 more
- 2021Contextual-Lexicon Approach for Abusive Language Detectioncited by 7
- 2023Cross-Domain Toxic Spans Detectioncited by 4
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Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 1.
2 papers.