The Pushshift Reddit Dataset
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Social media data has become crucial to the advancement of scientific understanding. However, even though it has become ubiquitous, just collecting large-scale social media data involves a high degree of engineering skill set and computational resources. In fact, research is often times gated by data engineering problems that must be overcome before analysis can proceed. This has resulted recognition of datasets as meaningful research contributions in and of themselves. Reddit, the so called "front page of the Internet," in particular has been the subject of numerous scientific studies. Although Reddit is relatively open to data acquisition compared to social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter, the technical barriers to acquisition still remain. Thus, Reddit's millions of subreddits, hundreds of millions of users, and hundreds of billions of comments are at the same time relatively accessible, but time consuming to collect and analyze systematically. In this paper, we present the Pushshift Reddit dataset. Pushshift is a social media data collection, analysis, and archiving platform that since 2015 has collected Reddit data and made it available to researchers. Pushshift's Reddit dataset is updated in real-time, and includes historical data back to Reddit's inception. In addition to monthly dumps, Pushshift provides computational tools to aid in searching, aggregating, and performing exploratory analysis on the entirety of the dataset. The Pushshift Reddit dataset makes it possible for social media researchers to reduce time spent in the data collection, cleaning, and storage phases of their projects.
Key facts. Cited by 289 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 23 Jan 2020.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 51; 2022: 64; 2023: 56; 2024: 43; 2025: 34; 2026: 41.
289 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2022OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Modelscited by 3,464
- 2023A Survey of Large Language Modelscited by 2,537
- 2023LIMA: Less Is More for Alignmentcited by 1,080
- 2021Retrieval Augmentation Reduces Hallucination in Conversationcited by 691
- 2023A Comprehensive Overview of Large Language Modelscited by 639
- 2023Instruction Tuning for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 617
- 2023"Do Anything Now": Characterizing and Evaluating In-The-Wild Jailbreak Prompts on Large Language Modelscited by 457
- 2021Beyond Goldfish Memory: Long-Term Open-Domain Conversationcited by 266
- 2023From Pretraining Data to Language Models to Downstream Tasks: Tracking the Trails of Political Biases Leading to Unfair NLP Modelscited by 257
- 2021Hash Layers For Large Sparse Modelscited by 236
- 2022OPT-IML: Scaling Language Model Instruction Meta Learning through the Lens of Generalizationcited by 235
- 2024Continual Learning of Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 228
38 more
- 2021Internet-Augmented Dialogue Generationcited by 217
- 2022Branch-Train-Merge: Embarrassingly Parallel Training of Expert Language Modelscited by 187
- 2023A Pretrainer's Guide to Training Data: Measuring the Effects of Data Age, Domain Coverage, Quality, & Toxicitycited by 180
- 2021RedCaps: web-curated image-text data created by the people, for the peoplecited by 175
- 2022SODA: Million-scale Dialogue Distillation with Social Commonsense Contextualizationcited by 166
- 2022"I'm sorry to hear that": Finding New Biases in Language Models with a Holistic Descriptor Datasetcited by 160
- 2023D4: Improving LLM Pretraining via Document De-Duplication and Diversificationcited by 146
- 2021DEMix Layers: Disentangling Domains for Modular Language Modelingcited by 130
- 2025ELEPHANT: Measuring and understanding social sycophancy in LLMscited by 115
- 2022Pile of Law: Learning Responsible Data Filtering from the Law and a 256GB Open-Source Legal Datasetcited by 113
- 2024Small Language Models: Survey, Measurements, and Insightscited by 109
- 2023Copyright Violations and Large Language Modelscited by 108
- 2022Language Models that Seek for Knowledge: Modular Search & Generation for Dialogue and Prompt Completioncited by 102
- 2023Shepherd: A Critic for Language Model Generationcited by 96
- 2023Neurons in Large Language Models: Dead, N-gram, Positionalcited by 88
- 2024Long Is More for Alignment: A Simple but Tough-to-Beat Baseline for Instruction Fine-Tuningcited by 85
- 2022Same Author or Just Same Topic? Towards Content-Independent Style Representationscited by 83
- 2021Anticipating Safety Issues in E2E Conversational AI: Framework and Toolingcited by 77
- 2022Machine Generated Text: A Comprehensive Survey of Threat Models and Detection Methodscited by 75
- 2021On the Safety of Conversational Models: Taxonomy, Dataset, and Benchmarkcited by 73
- 2023Language models are not naysayers: An analysis of language models on negation benchmarkscited by 73
- 2024A Survey of Multimodal Large Language Model from A Data-centric Perspectivecited by 73
- 2023PLACES: Prompting Language Models for Social Conversation Synthesiscited by 72
- 2024Risk Taxonomy, Mitigation, and Assessment Benchmarks of Large Language Model Systemscited by 63
- 2022Human Evaluation of Conversations is an Open Problem: comparing the sensitivity of various methods for evaluating dialogue agentscited by 62
- 2024Understanding LLMs: A Comprehensive Overview from Training to Inferencecited by 58
- 2021Just Say No: Analyzing the Stance of Neural Dialogue Generation in Offensive Contextscited by 56
- 2023"I'm fully who I am": Towards Centering Transgender and Non-Binary Voices to Measure Biases in Open Language Generationcited by 56
- 2021Detecting Hate Speech with GPT-3cited by 55
- 2023Multi-Party Chat: Conversational Agents in Group Settings with Humans and Modelscited by 53
- 2021Temporal Adaptation of BERT and Performance on Downstream Document Classification: Insights from Social Mediacited by 51
- 2024Explaining Length Bias in LLM-Based Preference Evaluationscited by 48
- 2023Conversation Chronicles: Towards Diverse Temporal and Relational Dynamics in Multi-Session Conversationscited by 47
- 2021NeuTral Rewriter: A Rule-Based and Neural Approach to Automatic Rewriting into Gender-Neutral Alternativescited by 46
- 2024Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning in Large Models: A Survey of Methodologiescited by 44
- 2021Conversations Are Not Flat: Modeling the Dynamic Information Flow across Dialogue Utterancescited by 40
- 2024Few-Shot Detection of Machine-Generated Text using Style Representationscited by 40
- 2024Can Large Language Models Identify Authorship?cited by 40
50 most cited of 289 All 289 (JSON)
- 2026Agent-based Modeling: Equilibrium, Echo Chambers, and Efficiency in Hybrid Coevolutionary Opinion Games23 Sep 2026
- 2026From Web(logs) to Web(AI): Questions, Platforms, and Methods across Twenty Editions of ICWSM20 Sep 2026
- 2026Aligning with Lived Experience: Heterogeneous Benefits of Fine Tuning in Mental Health Support Generation17 Sep 2026
- 2026Interactive Memory Learning for Long-Term Conversations15 Sep 2026
- 2026Caught in the Story: Narrative Captivity in Multi-turn LLMs Conversation3 Sep 2026
- 2026Whose Assessment of Distress? Community Perspectives and LLM Alignment on Well-Being Posts29 Aug 2026
- 2026Comment-level Topic Drift Analysis in the Reddit Corpus19 Aug 2026
- 2026Wiktionary as a Crowdsourced Lexicon for English Dialects16 Aug 2026
- 2026TRACE-Memory: Public-Conditioned Retrieval and Utility-Aware Evidence Admission for Personalized Generation9 Aug 2026
- 2026Contextualized Counterspeech Can Be More Persuasive Than Generic Counterspeech28 Jul 2026
- 2026The Misclassification of Autistic Writing as AI-Generated16 Jul 2026
- 2026Hindcast: Replaying Prediction Markets to Evaluate LLM Forecasters15 Jul 2026
38 more
- 2026Benchmarking Multi-Modal Graph-based Social Media Popularity Prediction25 Jun 2026
- 2026Beyond Individual Personas: Aligning Synthetic Dialogue to Population-Level Behavior Distributions5 Jun 2026
- 2026Adversarial Creation and Detection of AI-Generated Social Bot Content5 Jun 2026
- 2026FigSIM: A Dataset for Fine-grained Suicide Severity and Figurative Language in Suicide Memes1 Jun 2026
- 2026Not What, But How: A Framework for Auditing LLM Responses across Positioning, Generalization, Anthropomorphism, and Maxims1 Jun 2026
- 2026On the Salience of Low-Probability Tokens for AI-Generated Text Detection: A Multiscale Uncertainty Perspective1 Jun 2026
- 2026P1SCO: Social Dimensions from a Perspectivist Lens25 May 2026
- 2026PluRule: A Benchmark for Moderating Pluralistic Communities on Social Media16 May 2026
- 2026Bayesian Sensitivity of Causal Inference Estimators under Evidence-Based Priors8 May 2026
- 2026The Moltbook Files: A Harmless Slopocalypse or Humanity's Last Experiment8 May 2026
- 2026Directed Social Regard: Surfacing Targeted Advocacy, Opposition, Aid, Harms, and Victimization in Online Media1 May 2026
- 2026Emotion-Aware Clickbait Attack in Social Media30 Apr 2026
- 2026Beyond Static Benchmarks: Synthesizing Harmful Content via Persona-based Simulation for Robust Evaluation18 Apr 2026
- 2026Polarization by Default: Auditing Recommendation Bias in LLM-Based Content Curation17 Apr 2026
- 2026The Moltbook Observatory Archive: an incremental dataset of agent-only social network activity16 Apr 2026
- 2026Context-Value-Action Architecture for Value-Driven Large Language Model Agents7 Apr 2026
- 2026IDIOLEX: Unified and Continuous Representations for Idiolectal and Stylistic Variation6 Apr 2026
- 2026Lexical Indicators of Mind Perception in Human-AI Companionship5 Apr 2026
- 2026Do Agents Repair When Challenged -- or Just Reply? Challenge, Repair, and Public Correction in a Deployed Agent Forum1 Apr 2026
- 2026Reddit After Roe: A Computational Analysis of Abortion Narratives and Barriers in the Wake of Dobbs23 Mar 2026
- 2026AI Psychosis: Does Conversational AI Amplify Delusion-Related Language?20 Mar 2026
- 2026Form Without Function: Agent Social Behavior in the Moltbook Network17 Mar 2026
- 2026Large Language Models Unpack Complex Political Opinions through Target-Stance Extraction7 Mar 2026
- 2026The Statistical Signature of LLMs20 Feb 2026
- 2026A Comparative Analysis of Social Network Topology in Reddit and Moltbook14 Feb 2026
- 2026Agents in the Wild: Safety, Society, and the Illusion of Sociality on Moltbook7 Feb 2026
- 2026Beyond Content: Behavioral Policies Reveal Actors in Information Operations2 Feb 2026
- 2026Circadian Modulation of Semantic Exploration in Social Media Language21 Jan 2026
- 2026Adaptive Causal Coordination Detection for Social Media: A Memory-Guided Framework with Semi-Supervised Learning1 Jan 2026
- 2025Affect, Body, Cognition, Demographics, and Emotion: The ABCDE of Text Features for Computational Affective Science19 Dec 2025
- 2025Dynamic Homophily with Imperfect Recall: Modeling Resilience in Adversarial Networks13 Dec 2025
- 2025XAM: Interactive Explainability for Authorship Attribution Models7 Dec 2025
- 2025Cross-Platform Digital Discourse Analysis of the Israel-Hamas Conflict: Sentiment, Topics, and Event Dynamics27 Nov 2025
- 2025Computational Turing Test Reveals Systematic Differences Between Human and AI Language6 Nov 2025
- 2025The Collective Turing Test: Large Language Models Can Generate Realistic Multi-User Discussions29 Oct 2025
- 2025Beyond the Explicit: A Bilingual Dataset for Dehumanization Detection in Social Media21 Oct 2025
- 2025In Generative AI We (Dis)Trust? Computational Analysis of Trust and Distrust in Reddit Discussions17 Oct 2025
- 2025Detecting Early and Implicit Suicidal Ideation via Longitudinal and Information Environment Signals on Social Media16 Oct 2025
50 newest of 289 All 289 (JSON)
- 2023LIMA: Less Is More for Alignmentcited by 1,080
- 2024Long Is More for Alignment: A Simple but Tough-to-Beat Baseline for Instruction Fine-Tuningcited by 85
- 2022Learning New Skills after Deployment: Improving open-domain internet-driven dialogue with human feedbackcited by 35
- 2023Safer-Instruct: Aligning Language Models with Automated Preference Datacited by 27
- 2022When Life Gives You Lemons, Make Cherryade: Converting Feedback from Bad Responses into Good Labelscited by 20
- 2024ComPO: Community Preferences for Language Model Personalizationcited by 19
- 2026Aligning with Lived Experience: Heterogeneous Benefits of Fine Tuning in Mental Health Support Generationcited by 0
- 2026Aligning with Lived Experience: Heterogeneous Benefits of Fine Tuning in Mental Health Support Generation17 Sep 2026
- 2024ComPO: Community Preferences for Language Model Personalization21 Oct 2024
- 2024Long Is More for Alignment: A Simple but Tough-to-Beat Baseline for Instruction Fine-Tuning7 Feb 2024
- 2023Safer-Instruct: Aligning Language Models with Automated Preference Data15 Nov 2023
- 2023LIMA: Less Is More for Alignment18 May 2023
- 2022When Life Gives You Lemons, Make Cherryade: Converting Feedback from Bad Responses into Good Labels28 Oct 2022
- 2022Learning New Skills after Deployment: Improving open-domain internet-driven dialogue with human feedback5 Aug 2022
- 2023Multi-Party Chat: Conversational Agents in Group Settings with Humans and Modelscited by 53
- 2025Personalized Safety in LLMs: A Benchmark and A Planning-Based Agent Approachcited by 14
- 2026Context-Value-Action Architecture for Value-Driven Large Language Model Agentscited by 2
- 2026Do Agents Repair When Challenged -- or Just Reply? Challenge, Repair, and Public Correction in a Deployed Agent Forumcited by 0
- 2026Agent-based Modeling: Equilibrium, Echo Chambers, and Efficiency in Hybrid Coevolutionary Opinion Gamescited by 0
- 2026Agent-based Modeling: Equilibrium, Echo Chambers, and Efficiency in Hybrid Coevolutionary Opinion Games23 Sep 2026
- 2026Context-Value-Action Architecture for Value-Driven Large Language Model Agents7 Apr 2026
- 2026Do Agents Repair When Challenged -- or Just Reply? Challenge, Repair, and Public Correction in a Deployed Agent Forum1 Apr 2026
- 2025Personalized Safety in LLMs: A Benchmark and A Planning-Based Agent Approach24 May 2025
- 2023Multi-Party Chat: Conversational Agents in Group Settings with Humans and Models26 Apr 2023
- 2023"Do Anything Now": Characterizing and Evaluating In-The-Wild Jailbreak Prompts on Large Language Modelscited by 457
- 2026Agents in the Wild: Safety, Society, and the Illusion of Sociality on Moltbookcited by 10
- 2025Can Small Language Models Reliably Resist Jailbreak Attacks? A Comprehensive Evaluationcited by 3
- 2024Amplifying Training Data Exposure through Fine-Tuning with Pseudo-Labeled Membershipscited by 0
- 2026Beyond Static Benchmarks: Synthesizing Harmful Content via Persona-based Simulation for Robust Evaluationcited by 0
- 2026Beyond Static Benchmarks: Synthesizing Harmful Content via Persona-based Simulation for Robust Evaluation18 Apr 2026
- 2026Agents in the Wild: Safety, Society, and the Illusion of Sociality on Moltbook7 Feb 2026
- 2025Can Small Language Models Reliably Resist Jailbreak Attacks? A Comprehensive Evaluation9 Mar 2025
- 2024Amplifying Training Data Exposure through Fine-Tuning with Pseudo-Labeled Memberships19 Feb 2024
- 2023"Do Anything Now": Characterizing and Evaluating In-The-Wild Jailbreak Prompts on Large Language Models7 Aug 2023
- 2025FlexOlmo: Open Language Models for Flexible Data Usecited by 14
- 2025FlexOlmo: Open Language Models for Flexible Data Use9 Jul 2025
- 2022OPT: Open Pre-trained Transformer Language Modelscited by 3,464
- 2023A Survey of Large Language Modelscited by 2,537
- 2021Retrieval Augmentation Reduces Hallucination in Conversationcited by 691
- 2023A Comprehensive Overview of Large Language Modelscited by 639
- 2023Instruction Tuning for Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 617
- 2021Beyond Goldfish Memory: Long-Term Open-Domain Conversationcited by 266
- 2023From Pretraining Data to Language Models to Downstream Tasks: Tracking the Trails of Political Biases Leading to Unfair NLP Modelscited by 257
- 2021Hash Layers For Large Sparse Modelscited by 236
- 2022OPT-IML: Scaling Language Model Instruction Meta Learning through the Lens of Generalizationcited by 235
- 2024Continual Learning of Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 228
- 2021Internet-Augmented Dialogue Generationcited by 217
- 2022Branch-Train-Merge: Embarrassingly Parallel Training of Expert Language Modelscited by 187
12 most cited of 266 All 266 (JSON)
- 2026From Web(logs) to Web(AI): Questions, Platforms, and Methods across Twenty Editions of ICWSM20 Sep 2026
- 2026Interactive Memory Learning for Long-Term Conversations15 Sep 2026
- 2026Caught in the Story: Narrative Captivity in Multi-turn LLMs Conversation3 Sep 2026
- 2026Whose Assessment of Distress? Community Perspectives and LLM Alignment on Well-Being Posts29 Aug 2026
- 2026Comment-level Topic Drift Analysis in the Reddit Corpus19 Aug 2026
- 2026Wiktionary as a Crowdsourced Lexicon for English Dialects16 Aug 2026
- 2026TRACE-Memory: Public-Conditioned Retrieval and Utility-Aware Evidence Admission for Personalized Generation9 Aug 2026
- 2026Contextualized Counterspeech Can Be More Persuasive Than Generic Counterspeech28 Jul 2026
- 2026The Misclassification of Autistic Writing as AI-Generated16 Jul 2026
- 2026Hindcast: Replaying Prediction Markets to Evaluate LLM Forecasters15 Jul 2026
- 2026Benchmarking Multi-Modal Graph-based Social Media Popularity Prediction25 Jun 2026
- 2026Beyond Individual Personas: Aligning Synthetic Dialogue to Population-Level Behavior Distributions5 Jun 2026
12 newest of 266 All 266 (JSON)