Leveraging Large Language Models for Multimodal Search
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Multimodal search has become increasingly important in providing users with a natural and effective way to ex-press their search intentions. Images offer fine-grained details of the desired products, while text allows for easily incorporating search modifications. However, some existing multimodal search systems are unreliable and fail to address simple queries. The problem becomes harder with the large variability of natural language text queries, which may contain ambiguous, implicit, and irrelevant in-formation. Addressing these issues may require systems with enhanced matching capabilities, reasoning abilities, and context-aware query parsing and rewriting. This paper introduces a novel multimodal search model that achieves a new performance milestone on the Fashion200K dataset. Additionally, we propose a novel search interface integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) to facilitate natural language interaction. This interface routes queries to search systems while conversationally engaging with users and considering previous searches. When coupled with our multimodal search model, it heralds a new era of shopping assistants capable of offering human-like interaction and enhancing the overall search experience.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Builds on 46 of its 56 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Apr 2024.
Builds on
46 of 56 references.
References · 46
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,106
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,304
- 2021Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervisioncited by 33,588
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,320
- 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,043
- 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,777
- 2019Exploring the Limits of Transfer Learning with a Unified Text-to-Text Transformercited by 14,549
- 2021LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Modelscited by 14,231
- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,376
- 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,221
- 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,492
- 2023Visual Instruction Tuningcited by 7,827
34 more
- 2018Representation Learning with Contrastive Predictive Codingcited by 7,712
- 2023BLIP-2: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training with Frozen Image Encoders and Large Language Modelscited by 6,103
- 2016Layer Normalizationcited by 5,624
- 2022Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasonerscited by 4,348
- 2022BLIP: Bootstrapping Language-Image Pre-training for Unified Vision-Language Understanding and Generationcited by 4,314
- 2021Prefix-Tuning: Optimizing Continuous Prompts for Generationcited by 3,898
- 2021Finetuned Language Models Are Zero-Shot Learnerscited by 3,765
- 2022Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Modelscited by 3,007
- 2015FaceNet: A Unified Embedding for Face Recognition and Clusteringcited by 2,838
- 2017FiLM: Visual Reasoning with a General Conditioning Layercited by 2,306
- 2021Align before Fuse: Vision and Language Representation Learning with Momentum Distillationcited by 1,616
- 2022Few-Shot Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning is Better and Cheaper than In-Context Learningcited by 891
- 2023Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 746
- 2022EVA: Exploring the Limits of Masked Visual Representation Learning at Scalecited by 689
- 2022Automatic Chain of Thought Prompting in Large Language Modelscited by 687
- 2020Intrinsic Dimensionality Explains the Effectiveness of Language Model Fine-Tuningcited by 665
- 2023Visual ChatGPT: Talking, Drawing and Editing with Visual Foundation Modelscited by 663
- 2023ViperGPT: Visual Inference via Python Execution for Reasoningcited by 596
- 2022Visual Programming: Compositional visual reasoning without trainingcited by 510
- 2017A simple neural network module for relational reasoningcited by 345
- 2017Sampling Matters in Deep Embedding Learningcited by 285
- 2018Composing Text and Image for Image Retrieval - An Empirical Odysseycited by 236
- 2023Zero-Shot Composed Image Retrieval with Textual Inversioncited by 174
- 2023Pic2Word: Mapping Pictures to Words for Zero-shot Composed Image Retrievalcited by 156
- 2017Automatic Spatially-aware Fashion Concept Discoverycited by 133
- 2019Cross-Batch Memory for Embedding Learningcited by 131
- 2023Grounding Language Models to Images for Multimodal Inputs and Outputscited by 130
- 2023CompoDiff: Versatile Composed Image Retrieval With Latent Diffusioncited by 84
- 2018Fashion-Gen: The Generative Fashion Dataset and Challengecited by 65
- 2023Towards Language Models That Can See: Computer Vision Through the LENS of Natural Languagecited by 53
- 2016Multimodal Residual Learning for Visual QAcited by 42
- 2019Divide and Conquer the Embedding Space for Metric Learningcited by 39
- 2021Embedding Arithmetic of Multimodal Queries for Image Retrievalcited by 21
- 2023FashionSAP: Symbols and Attributes Prompt for Fine-grained Fashion Vision-Language Pre-trainingcited by 14
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 7.
11 papers.
- 2024MMSearch: Benchmarking the Potential of Large Models as Multi-modal Search Enginescited by 100
- 2024MM-SpuBench: Towards Better Understanding of Spurious Biases in Multimodal LLMscited by 33
- 2025Continual Multimodal Contrastive Learningcited by 19
- 2025A Comprehensive Survey on Composed Image Retrievalcited by 17
- 2024Unified Generative and Discriminative Training for Multi-modal Large Language Modelscited by 15
- 2024A Survey of Multimodal Composite Editing and Retrievalcited by 5
- 2025SCOT: Self-Supervised Contrastive Pretraining For Zero-Shot Compositional Retrievalcited by 2
- 2025Composed Multi-modal Retrieval: A Survey of Approaches and Applicationscited by 2
- 2025Caption Injection for Optimization in Generative Search Enginecited by 2
- 2025PinLanding: Content-First Keyword Landing Page Generation via Multi-Modal AI for Web-Scale Discoverycited by 1
- 2025Beyond Static Perception: Integrating Temporal Context into VLMs for Cloth Foldingcited by 0
- 2025Caption Injection for Optimization in Generative Search Engine6 Nov 2025
- 2025Beyond Static Perception: Integrating Temporal Context into VLMs for Cloth Folding12 May 2025
- 2025Continual Multimodal Contrastive Learning19 Mar 2025
- 2025Composed Multi-modal Retrieval: A Survey of Approaches and Applications3 Mar 2025
- 2025PinLanding: Content-First Keyword Landing Page Generation via Multi-Modal AI for Web-Scale Discovery1 Mar 2025
- 2025A Comprehensive Survey on Composed Image Retrieval19 Feb 2025
- 2025SCOT: Self-Supervised Contrastive Pretraining For Zero-Shot Compositional Retrieval12 Jan 2025
- 2024Unified Generative and Discriminative Training for Multi-modal Large Language Models1 Nov 2024
- 2024MMSearch: Benchmarking the Potential of Large Models as Multi-modal Search Engines19 Sep 2024
- 2024A Survey of Multimodal Composite Editing and Retrieval9 Sep 2024
- 2024MM-SpuBench: Towards Better Understanding of Spurious Biases in Multimodal LLMs24 Jun 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2024Evaluating Cost-Accuracy Trade-offs in Multimodal Search Relevance Judgements
- 2025DeepMMSearch-R1: Empowering Multimodal LLMs in Multimodal Web Search
- 2025Harnessing Multimodal Large Language Models for Personalized Product Search with Query-aware Refinement
- 2024CUE-M: Contextual Understanding and Enhanced Search with Multimodal Large Language Model
- 2026Beyond Global Similarity: Towards Fine-Grained, Multi-Condition Multimodal Retrieval
- 2025Test-Time Scaling Strategies for Generative Retrieval in Multimodal Conversational Recommendations
- 2026Pailitao-MMSearch: Building Native E-Commerce Multimodal Search Foundation
- 2024Retrieve, Annotate, Evaluate, Repeat: Leveraging Multimodal LLMs for Large-Scale Product Retrieval Evaluation