Understanding the role of FFNs in driving multilingual behaviour in LLMs
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Abstract (arXiv)
Multilingualism in Large Language Models (LLMs) is an yet under-explored area. In this paper, we conduct an in-depth analysis of the multilingual capabilities of a family of a Large Language Model, examining its architecture, activation patterns, and processing mechanisms across languages. We introduce novel metrics to probe the model's multilingual behaviour at different layers and shed light on the impact of architectural choices on multilingual processing. Our findings reveal different patterns of multilinugal processing in the sublayers of Feed-Forward Networks of the models. Furthermore, we uncover the phenomenon of "over-layerization" in certain model configurations, where increasing layer depth without corresponding adjustments to other parameters may degrade model performance. Through comparisons within and across languages, we demonstrate the interplay between model architecture, layer depth, and multilingual processing capabilities of LLMs trained on multiple languages.
Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 16 of its 22 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Apr 2024.
Builds on
16 of 22 references.
References · 16
- 2020Transformer Feed-Forward Layers Are Key-Value Memoriescited by 1,307
- 2020A Primer in BERTology: What we know about how BERT workscited by 807
- 2019How multilingual is Multilingual BERT?cited by 642
- 2023Eliciting Latent Predictions from Transformers with the Tuned Lenscited by 579
- 2022Transformer Feed-Forward Layers Build Predictions by Promoting Concepts in the Vocabulary Spacecited by 522
- 2021Few-shot Learning with Multilingual Language Modelscited by 278
- 2023Deja Vu: Contextual Sparsity for Efficient LLMs at Inference Timecited by 247
- 2024Universal Neurons in GPT2 Language Modelscited by 100
- 2017Residual Connections Encourage Iterative Inferencecited by 74
- 2021First Align, then Predict: Understanding the Cross-Lingual Ability of Multilingual BERTcited by 64
- 2021A Primer on Pretrained Multilingual Language Modelscited by 49
- 2023Codebook Features: Sparse and Discrete Interpretability for Neural Networkscited by 45
4 more
- 2021Importance-based Neuron Allocation for Multilingual Neural Machine Translationcited by 23
- 2022Causal Analysis of Syntactic Agreement Neurons in Multilingual Language Modelscited by 14
- 2023Unveiling Multilinguality in Transformer Models: Exploring Language Specificity in Feed-Forward Networkscited by 12
- 2020A Study of Cross-Lingual Ability and Language-specific Information in Multilingual BERTcited by 8
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