mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Augmenting Safety-Critical Driving Scenarios while Preserving Similarity to Expert Trajectories

arXiv 2404.13347 ↗First posted 20 Apr 2024cs.LG cs.AIcited by 3

On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → Imitation-learning end-to-end planners

also in 1 more
Abstract (arXiv)

Trajectory augmentation serves as a means to mitigate distributional shift in imitation learning. However, imitating trajectories that inadequately represent the original expert data can result in undesirable behaviors, particularly in safety-critical scenarios. We propose a trajectory augmentation method designed to maintain similarity with expert trajectory data. To accomplish this, we first cluster trajectories to identify minority yet safety-critical groups. Then, we combine the trajectories within the same cluster through geometrical transformation to create new trajectories. These trajectories are then added to the training dataset, provided that they meet our specified safety-related criteria. Our experiments exhibit that training an imitation learning model using these augmented trajectories can significantly improve closed-loop performance.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Imitation-learning end-to-end planners, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 17 of its 27 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 20 Apr 2024.

Builds on

17 of 27 references.

Closest ancestors · 2

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2022Imitation Is Not Enough: Robustifying Imitation with Reinforcement Learning for Challenging Driving Scenarios21 Dec
  2. 2021Exploring Imitation Learning for Autonomous Driving with Feedback Synthesizer and Differentiable Rasterization2 Mar

Other references · 15

  1. 2017mixup: Beyond Empirical Risk Minimizationcited by 5,155
  2. 2014Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networkscited by 2,974
  3. 2019Class-Balanced Loss Based on Effective Number of Samplescited by 1,239
  4. 2021Deep Long-Tailed Learning: A Surveycited by 416
  5. 2018ChauffeurNet: Learning to Drive by Imitating the Best and Synthesizing the Worstcited by 391
  6. 2020TNT: Target-driveN Trajectory Predictioncited by 345
  7. 2018Convolutional Social Pooling for Vehicle Trajectory Predictioncited by 221
  8. 2020Data Augmentation using Pre-trained Transformer Modelscited by 168
  9. 2019The inD Dataset: A Drone Dataset of Naturalistic Road User Trajectories at German Intersectionscited by 137
  10. 2018Structured Domain Randomization: Bridging the Reality Gap by Context-Aware Synthetic Datacited by 94
  11. 2018Delta-encoder: an effective sample synthesis method for few-shot object recognitioncited by 89
  12. 2018Feature Space Transfer for Data Augmentationcited by 21
3 more
  1. 2019CMTS: Conditional Multiple Trajectory Synthesizer for Generating Safety-critical Driving Scenarioscited by 19
  2. 2020PatchUp: A Feature-Space Block-Level Regularization Technique for Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 12
  3. 2023Unsupervised Driving Event Discovery Based on Vehicle CAN-datacited by 2

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2025: 1; 2026: 2.

3 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Learning to Drive by Imitating Surrounding Vehicles
  2. 2026Beyond Imitation: Learning Safe End-to-End Autonomous Driving from Hard Negatives
  3. 2022KING: Generating Safety-Critical Driving Scenarios for Robust Imitation via Kinematics Gradients
  4. 2022Learning from Demonstrations of Critical Driving Behaviours Using Driver's Risk Field
  5. 2025LEAD: Minimizing Learner-Expert Asymmetry in End-to-End Driving
  6. 2025Self-Augmented Robot Trajectory: Efficient Imitation Learning via Safe Self-augmentation with Demonstrator-annotated Precision
  7. 2024RuleFuser: An Evidential Bayes Approach for Rule Injection in Imitation Learned Planners and Predictors for Robustness under Distribution Shifts
  8. 2025Sequence of Expert: Boosting Imitation Planners for Autonomous Driving through Temporal Alternation