Do Large Language Models Learn Human-Like Strategic Preferences?
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we evaluate whether LLMs learn to make human-like preference judgements in strategic scenarios as compared with known empirical results. Solar and Mistral are shown to exhibit stable value-based preference consistent with humans and exhibit human-like preference for cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma (including stake-size effect) and traveler's dilemma (including penalty-size effect). We establish a relationship between model size, value-based preference, and superficiality. Finally, results here show that models tending to be less brittle have relied on sliding window attention suggesting a potential link. Additionally, we contribute a novel method for constructing preference relations from arbitrary LLMs and support for a hypothesis regarding human behavior in the traveler's dilemma.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Apr 2024.
Builds on
18 of 45 references.
References · 18
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6 more
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Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.
8 papers.
- 2024Large Language Model Recall Uncertainty is Modulated by the Fan Effectcited by 7
- 2024The Base-Rate Effect on LLM Benchmark Performance: Disambiguating Test-Taking Strategies from Benchmark Performancecited by 3
- 2025Investigating Human-Aligned Large Language Model Uncertaintycited by 2
- 2026Discovering Differences in Strategic Behavior Between Humans and LLMscited by 2
- 2026Structuring the Space of Sociotechnical Alignmentcited by 2
- 2025Human-Alignment and Calibration of Inference-Time Uncertainty in Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2025LLMs as Agentic Cooperative Players in Multiplayer UNOcited by 0
- 2026Assessing mentalization in humans and large language modelscited by 0
- 2026Assessing mentalization in humans and large language models26 Aug 2026
- 2026Structuring the Space of Sociotechnical Alignment2 Jun 2026
- 2026Discovering Differences in Strategic Behavior Between Humans and LLMs10 Feb 2026
- 2025LLMs as Agentic Cooperative Players in Multiplayer UNO11 Sep 2025
- 2025Human-Alignment and Calibration of Inference-Time Uncertainty in Large Language Models11 Aug 2025
- 2025Investigating Human-Aligned Large Language Model Uncertainty16 Mar 2025
- 2024Large Language Model Recall Uncertainty is Modulated by the Fan Effect8 Jul 2024
- 2024The Base-Rate Effect on LLM Benchmark Performance: Disambiguating Test-Taking Strategies from Benchmark Performance17 Jun 2024
Similar, not cited
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- 2025Humans expect rationality and cooperation from LLM opponents in strategic games
- 2026The Internal Anatomy of Strategic Choice in Large Language Models
- 2025Statistical Impossibility and Possibility of Aligning LLMs with Human Preferences: From Condorcet Paradox to Nash Equilibrium
- 2025Beyond Nash Equilibrium: Bounded Rationality of LLMs and humans in Strategic Decision-making
- 2023Can LLMs Capture Human Preferences?
- 2024Reproducing and Extending Experiments in Behavioral Strategy with Large Language Models
- 2025Beyond Mimicry: Preference Coherence in LLMs
- 2025Bias-Adjusted LLM Agents for Human-Like Decision-Making via Behavioral Economics