mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Do Large Language Models Learn Human-Like Strategic Preferences?

arXiv 2404.08710 ↗First posted 11 Apr 2024cs.GT cs.AIcited by 8

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

In this paper, we evaluate whether LLMs learn to make human-like preference judgements in strategic scenarios as compared with known empirical results. Solar and Mistral are shown to exhibit stable value-based preference consistent with humans and exhibit human-like preference for cooperation in the prisoner's dilemma (including stake-size effect) and traveler's dilemma (including penalty-size effect). We establish a relationship between model size, value-based preference, and superficiality. Finally, results here show that models tending to be less brittle have relied on sliding window attention suggesting a potential link. Additionally, we contribute a novel method for constructing preference relations from arbitrary LLMs and support for a hypothesis regarding human behavior in the traveler's dilemma.

Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 11 Apr 2024.

Builds on

18 of 45 references.

References · 18

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
  3. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,768
  4. 2015Dropout as a Bayesian Approximation: Representing Model Uncertainty in Deep Learningcited by 4,416
  5. 2020Longformer: The Long-Document Transformercited by 3,362
  6. 2022Beyond the Imitation Game: Quantifying and extrapolating the capabilities of language modelscited by 1,970
  7. 2022Using cognitive psychology to understand GPT-3cited by 389
  8. 2023Large Language Models Fail on Trivial Alterations to Theory-of-Mind Taskscited by 288
  9. 2023SOLAR 10.7B: Scaling Large Language Models with Simple yet Effective Depth Up-Scalingcited by 172
  10. 2019On the Turing Completeness of Modern Neural Network Architecturescited by 129
  11. 2023Avalon's Game of Thoughts: Battle Against Deception through Recursive Contemplationcited by 102
  12. 2023Can Large Language Models Serve as Rational Players in Game Theory? A Systematic Analysiscited by 91
6 more
  1. 2020On the Computational Power of Transformers and its Implications in Sequence Modelingcited by 85
  2. 2022Do Large Language Models know what humans know?cited by 60
  3. 2023Do Large Language Models Show Decision Heuristics Similar to Humans? A Case Study Using GPT-3.5cited by 41
  4. 2021Do language models learn typicality judgments from text?cited by 32
  5. 2023How Powerful are Decoder-Only Transformer Neural Models?cited by 20
  6. 2023Using Artificial Populations to Study Psychological Phenomena in Neural Modelscited by 8

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.

8 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025Humans expect rationality and cooperation from LLM opponents in strategic games
  2. 2026The Internal Anatomy of Strategic Choice in Large Language Models
  3. 2025Statistical Impossibility and Possibility of Aligning LLMs with Human Preferences: From Condorcet Paradox to Nash Equilibrium
  4. 2025Beyond Nash Equilibrium: Bounded Rationality of LLMs and humans in Strategic Decision-making
  5. 2023Can LLMs Capture Human Preferences?
  6. 2024Reproducing and Extending Experiments in Behavioral Strategy with Large Language Models
  7. 2025Beyond Mimicry: Preference Coherence in LLMs
  8. 2025Bias-Adjusted LLM Agents for Human-Like Decision-Making via Behavioral Economics