Learn to Disguise: Avoid Refusal Responses in LLM's Defense via a Multi-agent Attacker-Disguiser Game
On the map: LLM safety and security → Prompt injection and agent security
Abstract (arXiv)
With the enhanced performance of large models on natural language processing tasks, potential moral and ethical issues of large models arise. There exist malicious attackers who induce large models to jailbreak and generate information containing illegal, privacy-invasive information through techniques such as prompt engineering. As a result, large models counter malicious attackers' attacks using techniques such as safety alignment. However, the strong defense mechanism of the large model through rejection replies is easily identified by attackers and used to strengthen attackers' capabilities. In this paper, we propose a multi-agent attacker-disguiser game approach to achieve a weak defense mechanism that allows the large model to both safely reply to the attacker and hide the defense intent. First, we construct a multi-agent framework to simulate attack and defense scenarios, playing different roles to be responsible for attack, disguise, safety evaluation, and disguise evaluation tasks. After that, we design attack and disguise game algorithms to optimize the game strategies of the attacker and the disguiser and use the curriculum learning process to strengthen the capabilities of the agents. The experiments verify that the method in this paper is more effective in strengthening the model's ability to disguise the defense intent compared with other methods. Moreover, our approach can adapt any black-box large model to assist the model in defense and does not suffer from model version iterations.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Prompt injection and agent security, one of 12 directions in LLM safety and security. Builds on 22 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Apr 2024.
Builds on
22 of 41 references.
Closest ancestors · 6
Same direction, newest first
- 2023Jatmo: Prompt Injection Defense by Task-Specific Finetuning29 Dec
- 2023MART: Improving LLM Safety with Multi-round Automatic Red-Teaming13 Nov
- 2023Formalizing and Benchmarking Prompt Injection Attacks and Defenses19 Oct
- 2023Attack Prompt Generation for Red Teaming and Defending Large Language Models19 Oct
- 2023Evolving Diverse Red-team Language Models in Multi-round Multi-agent Games30 Sep
- 2023Red-Teaming Large Language Models using Chain of Utterances for Safety-Alignment18 Aug
Other references · 16
- 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
- 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,064
- 2023Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4cited by 2,579
- 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 1,908
- 2022Using Large Language Models to Simulate Multiple Humans and Replicate Human Subject Studiescited by 506
- 2021Self-Diagnosis and Self-Debiasing: A Proposal for Reducing Corpus-Based Bias in NLPcited by 336
- 2023Exploiting Programmatic Behavior of LLMs: Dual-Use Through Standard Security Attackscited by 268
- 2023Certifying LLM Safety against Adversarial Promptingcited by 248
- 2023Large Language Model Alignment: A Surveycited by 241
- 2023Defending Against Alignment-Breaking Attacks via Robustly Aligned LLMcited by 173
- 2023The Capacity for Moral Self-Correction in Large Language Modelscited by 171
- 2023Defending Large Language Models Against Jailbreaking Attacks Through Goal Prioritizationcited by 156
4 more
- 2023Suspicion-Agent: Playing Imperfect Information Games with Theory of Mind Aware GPT-4cited by 67
- 2021Certified Robustness to Text Adversarial Attacks by Randomized [MASK]cited by 57
- 2023All Languages Matter: On the Multilingual Safety of Large Language Modelscited by 51
- 2023Bergeron: Combating Adversarial Attacks through a Conscience-Based Alignment Frameworkcited by 29
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
5 papers.
- 2025AI Meets Brain: Memory Systems from Cognitive Neuroscience to Autonomous Agentscited by 12
- 2025From Assistants to Adversaries: Exploring the Security Risks of Mobile LLM Agentscited by 10
- 2024Recent advancements in LLM Red-Teaming: Techniques, Defenses, and Ethical Considerationscited by 8
- 2025Improving Rationality in the Reasoning Process of Language Models through Self-playing Gamecited by 7
- 2026JailNewsBench: Multi-Lingual and Regional Benchmark for Fake News Generation under Jailbreak Attackscited by 6
- 2026JailNewsBench: Multi-Lingual and Regional Benchmark for Fake News Generation under Jailbreak Attacks1 Mar 2026
- 2025AI Meets Brain: Memory Systems from Cognitive Neuroscience to Autonomous Agents29 Dec 2025
- 2025Improving Rationality in the Reasoning Process of Language Models through Self-playing Game28 Jun 2025
- 2025From Assistants to Adversaries: Exploring the Security Risks of Mobile LLM Agents19 May 2025
- 2024Recent advancements in LLM Red-Teaming: Techniques, Defenses, and Ethical Considerations9 Oct 2024
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