mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Learn to Disguise: Avoid Refusal Responses in LLM's Defense via a Multi-agent Attacker-Disguiser Game

arXiv 2404.02532 ↗First posted 3 Apr 2024cs.AI cs.CLcited by 5

On the map: LLM safety and security → Prompt injection and agent security

Abstract (arXiv)

With the enhanced performance of large models on natural language processing tasks, potential moral and ethical issues of large models arise. There exist malicious attackers who induce large models to jailbreak and generate information containing illegal, privacy-invasive information through techniques such as prompt engineering. As a result, large models counter malicious attackers' attacks using techniques such as safety alignment. However, the strong defense mechanism of the large model through rejection replies is easily identified by attackers and used to strengthen attackers' capabilities. In this paper, we propose a multi-agent attacker-disguiser game approach to achieve a weak defense mechanism that allows the large model to both safely reply to the attacker and hide the defense intent. First, we construct a multi-agent framework to simulate attack and defense scenarios, playing different roles to be responsible for attack, disguise, safety evaluation, and disguise evaluation tasks. After that, we design attack and disguise game algorithms to optimize the game strategies of the attacker and the disguiser and use the curriculum learning process to strengthen the capabilities of the agents. The experiments verify that the method in this paper is more effective in strengthening the model's ability to disguise the defense intent compared with other methods. Moreover, our approach can adapt any black-box large model to assist the model in defense and does not suffer from model version iterations.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Prompt injection and agent security, one of 12 directions in LLM safety and security. Builds on 22 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 3 Apr 2024.

Builds on

22 of 41 references.

Closest ancestors · 6

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Jatmo: Prompt Injection Defense by Task-Specific Finetuning29 Dec
  2. 2023MART: Improving LLM Safety with Multi-round Automatic Red-Teaming13 Nov
  3. 2023Formalizing and Benchmarking Prompt Injection Attacks and Defenses19 Oct
  4. 2023Attack Prompt Generation for Red Teaming and Defending Large Language Models19 Oct
  5. 2023Evolving Diverse Red-team Language Models in Multi-round Multi-agent Games30 Sep
  6. 2023Red-Teaming Large Language Models using Chain of Utterances for Safety-Alignment18 Aug

Other references · 16

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
  2. 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,064
  3. 2023Sparks of Artificial General Intelligence: Early experiments with GPT-4cited by 2,579
  4. 2023WebArena: A Realistic Web Environment for Building Autonomous Agentscited by 1,908
  5. 2022Using Large Language Models to Simulate Multiple Humans and Replicate Human Subject Studiescited by 506
  6. 2021Self-Diagnosis and Self-Debiasing: A Proposal for Reducing Corpus-Based Bias in NLPcited by 336
  7. 2023Exploiting Programmatic Behavior of LLMs: Dual-Use Through Standard Security Attackscited by 268
  8. 2023Certifying LLM Safety against Adversarial Promptingcited by 248
  9. 2023Large Language Model Alignment: A Surveycited by 241
  10. 2023Defending Against Alignment-Breaking Attacks via Robustly Aligned LLMcited by 173
  11. 2023The Capacity for Moral Self-Correction in Large Language Modelscited by 171
  12. 2023Defending Large Language Models Against Jailbreaking Attacks Through Goal Prioritizationcited by 156
4 more
  1. 2023Suspicion-Agent: Playing Imperfect Information Games with Theory of Mind Aware GPT-4cited by 67
  2. 2021Certified Robustness to Text Adversarial Attacks by Randomized [MASK]cited by 57
  3. 2023All Languages Matter: On the Multilingual Safety of Large Language Modelscited by 51
  4. 2023Bergeron: Combating Adversarial Attacks through a Conscience-Based Alignment Frameworkcited by 29

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 1; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.

5 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024Imprompter: Tricking LLM Agents into Improper Tool Use
  2. 2026MAGIC: A Co-Evolving Attacker-Defender Adversarial Game for Robust LLM Safety
  3. 2025Attack the Messages, Not the Agents: A Multi-round Adaptive Stealthy Tampering Framework for LLM-MAS
  4. 2026Universal Defenses for Tool-Integrated LLM Agents Against Adversarial Attacks
  5. 2025textitAgents Under Siege: Breaking Pragmatic Multi-Agent LLM Systems with Optimized Prompt Attacks
  6. 2025Demonstrations of Integrity Attacks in Multi-Agent Systems
  7. 2025Toward a Dynamic Stackelberg Game-Theoretic Framework for Agentic AI Defense Against LLM Jailbreaking
  8. 2026Toward Secure LLM Agents: Threat Surfaces, Attacks, Defenses, and Evaluation