LayoutLLM: Large Language Model Instruction Tuning for Visually Rich Document Understanding
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper proposes LayoutLLM, a more flexible document analysis method for understanding imaged documents. Visually Rich Document Understanding tasks, such as document image classification and information extraction, have gained significant attention due to their importance. Existing methods have been developed to enhance document comprehension by incorporating pre-training awareness of images, text, and layout structure. However, these methods require fine-tuning for each task and dataset, and the models are expensive to train and operate. To overcome this limitation, we propose a new LayoutLLM that integrates these with large-scale language models (LLMs). By leveraging the strengths of existing research in document image understanding and LLMs' superior language understanding capabilities, the proposed model, fine-tuned with multimodal instruction datasets, performs an understanding of document images in a single model. Our experiments demonstrate improvement over the baseline model in various document analysis tasks.
Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 22 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Mar 2024.
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22 of 31 references.
References · 22
- 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
- 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
- 2023LLaMA: Open and Efficient Foundation Language Modelscited by 13,958
- 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,768
- 2019HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?cited by 4,018
- 2021TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoodscited by 2,919
- 2020DocVQA: A Dataset for VQA on Document Imagescited by 1,288
- 2019LayoutLM: Pre-training of Text and Layout for Document Image Understandingcited by 549
- 2022LayoutLMv3: Pre-training for Document AI with Unified Text and Image Maskingcited by 481
- 2020LayoutLMv2: Multi-modal Pre-training for Visually-Rich Document Understandingcited by 406
- 2022Pix2Struct: Screenshot Parsing as Pretraining for Visual Language Understandingcited by 360
- 2019FUNSD: A Dataset for Form Understanding in Noisy Scanned Documentscited by 345
10 more
- 2015Evaluation of Deep Convolutional Nets for Document Image Classification and Retrievalcited by 212
- 2023mPLUG-DocOwl: Modularized Multimodal Large Language Model for Document Understandingcited by 167
- 2022DiT: Self-supervised Pre-training for Document Image Transformercited by 152
- 2022Unifying Vision, Text, and Layout for Universal Document Processingcited by 140
- 2021Going Full-TILT Boogie on Document Understanding with Text-Image-Layout Transformercited by 134
- 2021StructuralLM: Structural Pre-training for Form Understandingcited by 91
- 2022Unified Pretraining Framework for Document Understandingcited by 85
- 2020LAMBERT: Layout-Aware (Language) Modeling for information extractioncited by 53
- 2021On the Multilingual Capabilities of Very Large-Scale English Language Modelscited by 22
- 2023A3S: Adversarial learning of semantic representations for Scene-Text Spottingcited by 6
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 10; 2025: 6; 2026: 8.
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- 2024TabPedia: Towards Comprehensive Visual Table Understanding with Concept Synergycited by 70
- 2024M-Longdoc: A Benchmark For Multimodal Super-Long Document Understanding And A Retrieval-Aware Tuning Frameworkcited by 36
- 2024DocLayLLM: An Efficient Multi-modal Extension of Large Language Models for Text-rich Document Understandingcited by 23
- 2025Enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Study of Best Practicescited by 22
- 2025The Confidence Paradox: Can LLM Know When It's Wrongcited by 11
- 2025Multimodal Large Language Models for Text-rich Image Understanding: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 8
- 2024Deep Learning based Key Information Extraction from Business Documents: Systematic Literature Reviewcited by 6
- 2024SAIL: Sample-Centric In-Context Learning for Document Information Extractioncited by 6
- 2025Problem Solved? Information Extraction Design Space for Layout-Rich Documents using LLMscited by 6
- 2026MultiDocFusion: Hierarchical and Multimodal Chunking Pipeline for Enhanced RAG on Long Industrial Documentscited by 6
- 2024XFormParser: A Simple and Effective Multimodal Multilingual Semi-structured Form Parsercited by 5
- 2025Survey on Question Answering over Visually Rich Documents: Methods, Challenges, and Trendscited by 4
12 more
- 2026Doc-V*:Coarse-to-Fine Interactive Visual Reasoning for Multi-Page Document VQAcited by 4
- 2024Arctic-TILT. Business Document Understanding at Sub-Billion Scalecited by 3
- 2024Leveraging Distillation Techniques for Document Understanding: A Case Study with FLAN-T5cited by 2
- 2024JSTR: Judgment Improves Scene Text Recognitioncited by 1
- 2024Document Classification using File Namescited by 1
- 2025APD-Agents: A Large Language Model-Driven Multi-Agents Collaborative Framework for Automated Page Designcited by 0
- 2026Information Extraction from Electricity Invoices with General-Purpose Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026M3DocDep: Multi-modal, Multi-page, Multi-document Dependency Chunking with Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026Revising RVL-CDIP: Quantifying Errors and Test-Train Overlapcited by 0
- 2026BaFCo: A Document Understanding Benchmark for Complex Bangla Form Comprehensioncited by 0
- 2026LAVA: Logic-Aware Validation and Augmentation Framework for Large-Scale Financial Document Auditingcited by 0
- 2026From Sharp Eyes to Expert Mind: Internalizing Expert Knowledge in MLLMs for Tampered Text Detectioncited by 0
- 2026From Sharp Eyes to Expert Mind: Internalizing Expert Knowledge in MLLMs for Tampered Text Detection28 Sep 2026
- 2026LAVA: Logic-Aware Validation and Augmentation Framework for Large-Scale Financial Document Auditing17 Aug 2026
- 2026BaFCo: A Document Understanding Benchmark for Complex Bangla Form Comprehension6 Jul 2026
- 2026Revising RVL-CDIP: Quantifying Errors and Test-Train Overlap30 Jun 2026
- 2026M3DocDep: Multi-modal, Multi-page, Multi-document Dependency Chunking with Large Vision-Language Models17 Apr 2026
- 2026Doc-V*:Coarse-to-Fine Interactive Visual Reasoning for Multi-Page Document VQA15 Apr 2026
- 2026MultiDocFusion: Hierarchical and Multimodal Chunking Pipeline for Enhanced RAG on Long Industrial Documents14 Apr 2026
- 2026Information Extraction from Electricity Invoices with General-Purpose Large Language Models1 Apr 2026
- 2025APD-Agents: A Large Language Model-Driven Multi-Agents Collaborative Framework for Automated Page Design18 Nov 2025
- 2025The Confidence Paradox: Can LLM Know When It's Wrong30 Jun 2025
- 2025Problem Solved? Information Extraction Design Space for Layout-Rich Documents using LLMs25 Feb 2025
- 2025Multimodal Large Language Models for Text-rich Image Understanding: A Comprehensive Review23 Feb 2025
12 more
- 2025Enhancing Retrieval-Augmented Generation: A Study of Best Practices13 Jan 2025
- 2025Survey on Question Answering over Visually Rich Documents: Methods, Challenges, and Trends4 Jan 2025
- 2024SAIL: Sample-Centric In-Context Learning for Document Information Extraction22 Dec 2024
- 2024M-Longdoc: A Benchmark For Multimodal Super-Long Document Understanding And A Retrieval-Aware Tuning Framework9 Nov 2024
- 2024Document Classification using File Names2 Oct 2024
- 2024Leveraging Distillation Techniques for Document Understanding: A Case Study with FLAN-T517 Sep 2024
- 2024DocLayLLM: An Efficient Multi-modal Extension of Large Language Models for Text-rich Document Understanding27 Aug 2024
- 2024Arctic-TILT. Business Document Understanding at Sub-Billion Scale8 Aug 2024
- 2024Deep Learning based Key Information Extraction from Business Documents: Systematic Literature Review23 Jul 2024
- 2024TabPedia: Towards Comprehensive Visual Table Understanding with Concept Synergy3 Jun 2024
- 2024XFormParser: A Simple and Effective Multimodal Multilingual Semi-structured Form Parser27 May 2024
- 2024JSTR: Judgment Improves Scene Text Recognition9 Apr 2024
- 2025Multimodal Large Language Models for Text-rich Image Understanding: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 8
- 2026M3DocDep: Multi-modal, Multi-page, Multi-document Dependency Chunking with Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026BaFCo: A Document Understanding Benchmark for Complex Bangla Form Comprehensioncited by 0
- 2026BaFCo: A Document Understanding Benchmark for Complex Bangla Form Comprehension6 Jul 2026
- 2026M3DocDep: Multi-modal, Multi-page, Multi-document Dependency Chunking with Large Vision-Language Models17 Apr 2026
- 2025Multimodal Large Language Models for Text-rich Image Understanding: A Comprehensive Review23 Feb 2025
- 2024TabPedia: Towards Comprehensive Visual Table Understanding with Concept Synergycited by 70
- 2024M-Longdoc: A Benchmark For Multimodal Super-Long Document Understanding And A Retrieval-Aware Tuning Frameworkcited by 36
- 2024DocLayLLM: An Efficient Multi-modal Extension of Large Language Models for Text-rich Document Understandingcited by 23
- 2025The Confidence Paradox: Can LLM Know When It's Wrongcited by 11
- 2024Deep Learning based Key Information Extraction from Business Documents: Systematic Literature Reviewcited by 6
- 2024SAIL: Sample-Centric In-Context Learning for Document Information Extractioncited by 6
- 2025Problem Solved? Information Extraction Design Space for Layout-Rich Documents using LLMscited by 6
- 2026MultiDocFusion: Hierarchical and Multimodal Chunking Pipeline for Enhanced RAG on Long Industrial Documentscited by 6
- 2024XFormParser: A Simple and Effective Multimodal Multilingual Semi-structured Form Parsercited by 5
- 2025Survey on Question Answering over Visually Rich Documents: Methods, Challenges, and Trendscited by 4
- 2024Arctic-TILT. Business Document Understanding at Sub-Billion Scalecited by 3
- 2024Leveraging Distillation Techniques for Document Understanding: A Case Study with FLAN-T5cited by 2
12 most cited of 18 All 18 (JSON)
- 2026From Sharp Eyes to Expert Mind: Internalizing Expert Knowledge in MLLMs for Tampered Text Detection28 Sep 2026
- 2026LAVA: Logic-Aware Validation and Augmentation Framework for Large-Scale Financial Document Auditing17 Aug 2026
- 2026Revising RVL-CDIP: Quantifying Errors and Test-Train Overlap30 Jun 2026
- 2026MultiDocFusion: Hierarchical and Multimodal Chunking Pipeline for Enhanced RAG on Long Industrial Documents14 Apr 2026
- 2026Information Extraction from Electricity Invoices with General-Purpose Large Language Models1 Apr 2026
- 2025The Confidence Paradox: Can LLM Know When It's Wrong30 Jun 2025
- 2025Problem Solved? Information Extraction Design Space for Layout-Rich Documents using LLMs25 Feb 2025
- 2025Survey on Question Answering over Visually Rich Documents: Methods, Challenges, and Trends4 Jan 2025
- 2024SAIL: Sample-Centric In-Context Learning for Document Information Extraction22 Dec 2024
- 2024M-Longdoc: A Benchmark For Multimodal Super-Long Document Understanding And A Retrieval-Aware Tuning Framework9 Nov 2024
- 2024Document Classification using File Names2 Oct 2024
- 2024Leveraging Distillation Techniques for Document Understanding: A Case Study with FLAN-T517 Sep 2024
12 newest of 18 All 18 (JSON)