mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

PyVRP: a high-performance VRP solver package

arXiv 2403.13795 ↗First posted 22 Nov 2023cs.NE cs.LGcited by 50

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Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce PyVRP, a Python package that implements hybrid genetic search in a state-of-the-art vehicle routing problem (VRP) solver. The package is designed for the VRP with time windows (VRPTW), but can be easily extended to support other VRP variants. PyVRP combines the flexibility of Python with the performance of C++, by implementing (only) performance critical parts of the algorithm in C++, while being fully customisable at the Python level. PyVRP is a polished implementation of the algorithm that ranked 1st in the 2021 DIMACS VRPTW challenge and, after improvements, ranked 1st on the static variant of the EURO meets NeurIPS 2022 vehicle routing competition. The code follows good software engineering practices, and is well-documented and unit tested. PyVRP is freely available under the liberal MIT license. Through numerical experiments we show that PyVRP achieves state-of-the-art results on the VRPTW and capacitated VRP. We hope that PyVRP enables researchers and practitioners to easily and quickly build on a state-of-the-art VRP solver.

Key facts. Cited by 50 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 2 of its 19 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Nov 2023.

Builds on

2 of 19 references.

References · 2

  1. 2020Hybrid Genetic Search for the CVRP: Open-Source Implementation and SWAP* Neighborhoodcited by 122
  2. 2021Guidelines for the Computational Testing of Machine Learning approaches to Vehicle Routing Problemscited by 16

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 7; 2025: 20; 2026: 23.

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  1. 2024RouteFinder: Towards Foundation Models for Vehicle Routing Problemscited by 54
  2. 2024Ant Colony Sampling with GFlowNets for Combinatorial Optimizationcited by 53
  3. 2024PolyNet: Learning Diverse Solution Strategies for Neural Combinatorial Optimizationcited by 35
  4. 2025Neural Deconstruction Search for Vehicle Routing Problemscited by 15
  5. 2025Learning to Reduce Search Space for Generalizable Neural Routing Solvercited by 14
  6. 2025MTL-KD: Multi-Task Learning Via Knowledge Distillation for Generalizable Neural Vehicle Routing Solvercited by 13
  7. 2025RRNCO: Towards Real-World Routing with Neural Combinatorial Optimizationcited by 10
  8. 2025URS: A Unified Neural Routing Solver for Cross-Problem Zero-Shot Generalizationcited by 7
  9. 2025Multi-Task Vehicle Routing Solver via Mixture of Specialized Experts under State-Decomposable MDPcited by 7
  10. 2025VRPAgent: LLM-Driven Discovery of Heuristic Operators for Vehicle Routing Problemscited by 6
  11. 2025Neural Genetic Search in Discrete Spacescited by 5
  12. 2025An Agentic Framework with LLMs for Solving Complex Vehicle Routing Problemscited by 5
38 more
  1. 2025LMask: Learn to Solve Constrained Routing Problems with Lazy Maskingcited by 3
  2. 2025Refining Hybrid Genetic Search for CVRP via Reinforcement Learning-Finetuned LLMcited by 3
  3. 2026AHD Agent: Agentic Reinforcement Learning for Automatic Heuristic Designcited by 3
  4. 2024Spatial-temporal-demand clustering for solving large-scale vehicle routing problems with time windowscited by 2
  5. 2025TuneNSearch: a hybrid transfer learning and local search approach for solving vehicle routing problemscited by 2
  6. 2025Accelerating Vehicle Routing via AI-Initialized Genetic Algorithmscited by 2
  7. 2025SVRPBench: A Realistic Benchmark for Stochastic Vehicle Routing Problemcited by 2
  8. 2026Game-Theoretic Co-Evolution for LLM-Based Heuristic Discoverycited by 2
  9. 2026Chain-of-Context Learning: Dynamic Constraint Understanding for Multi-Task VRPscited by 2
  10. 2024DeepMDV: Global Spatial Matching for Multi-depot Vehicle Routing Problemscited by 1
  11. 2025USPR: Learning a Unified Solver for Profiled Routingcited by 1
  12. 2025Recurrent State Encoders for Efficient Neural Combinatorial Optimizationcited by 1
  13. 2026PyVRP^+: LLM-Driven Metacognitive Heuristic Evolution for Hybrid Genetic Search in Vehicle Routing Problemscited by 1
  14. 2026Automated Large-scale CVRP Solver Design via LLM-assisted Flexible MCTScited by 1
  15. 2026Rethinking Constraint Awareness for Efficient State Embedding of Neural Routing Solvercited by 1
  16. 2026SPACE: Unifying Symmetric and Asymmetric Routing Problems for Generalist Neural Solvercited by 1
  17. 2026Vision-Assisted Foundation Model for Solving Multi-Task Vehicle Routing Problemscited by 1
  18. 2026SpecAHD: Localize to Specialize for Automated Heuristic Design in Large-Scale Routing Problemscited by 1
  19. 2026ATLAS: Scaffold-Free Algorithm Synthesis by LLMs via Embedding-Guided Quality-Diversity Searchcited by 1
  20. 2024Learn to Solve Vehicle Routing Problems ASAP: A Neural Optimization Approach for Time-Constrained Vehicle Routing Problems with Finite Vehicle Fleetcited by 0
  21. 2024Multi-Agent Environments for Vehicle Routing Problemscited by 0
  22. 2025LRM-1B: Towards Large Routing Modelcited by 0
  23. 2025Improving After-sales Service: Deep Reinforcement Learning for Dynamic Time Slot Assignment with Commitments and Customer Preferencescited by 0
  24. 2025A Unified Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach for Close Enough Traveling Salesman Problemcited by 0
  25. 2025ARC: Leveraging Compositional Representations for Cross-Problem Learning on VRPscited by 0
  26. 2026SEAFormer: A Spatial Proximity and Edge-Aware Transformer for Real-World Vehicle Routing Problemscited by 0
  27. 2026Vehicle-as-Prompt: A Unified Deep Reinforcement Learning Framework for Heterogeneous Fleet Vehicle Routing Problemcited by 0
  28. 2026Enhancing Cross-Problem Vehicle Routing via Federated Learningcited by 0
  29. 2026FiLMMeD: Feature-wise Linear Modulation for Cross-Problem Multi-Depot Vehicle Routingcited by 0
  30. 2026LINC: Decoupling Local Consequence Scoring from Hidden Matching in Constructive Neural Routingcited by 0
  31. 2026Neural Cluster First, Route Second: Capacitated Vehicle Routing via Differentiable Optimal Transportcited by 0
  32. 2026Rethinking Positional Encoding for Neural Vehicle Routingcited by 0
  33. 2026A Unified Knowledge Embedded Reinforcement Learning-based Framework for Generalized Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problemscited by 0
  34. 2026An Amortized Efficiency Threshold for Comparing Neural and Heuristic Solvers in Combinatorial Optimizationcited by 0
  35. 2026COAgents: Multi-Agent Framework to Learn and Navigate Routing Problems Search Spacecited by 0
  36. 2026TorchDCM: A Unified PyTorch-Native Package for Discrete Choice Modelingcited by 0
  37. 2026Improving Cross-Problem Vehicle Routing with Locally Augmented Preferences and Representation Disentanglementcited by 0
  38. 2026SPO: Discovering Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search Operators via Stackelberg Program Optimizationcited by 0