Guidelines for the Computational Testing of Machine Learning approaches to Vehicle Routing Problems
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Abstract (arXiv)
Despite the extensive research efforts and the remarkable results obtained on Vehicle Routing Problems (VRP) by using algorithms proposed by the Machine Learning community that are partially or entirely based on data-driven analysis, most of these approaches are still seldom employed by the Operations Research (OR) community. Among the possible causes, we believe, the different approach to the computational evaluation of the proposed methods may play a major role. With the current work, we want to highlight a number of challenges (and possible ways to handle them) arising during the computational studies of heuristic approaches to VRPs that, if appropriately addressed, may produce a computational study having the characteristics of those presented in OR papers, thus hopefully promoting the collaboration between the two communities.
Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 38 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 28 Sep 2021.
Builds on
14 of 38 references.
References · 14
- 2015Pointer Networkscited by 895
- 2018Attention, Learn to Solve Routing Problems!cited by 656
- 2018Machine Learning for Combinatorial Optimization: a Methodological Tour d'Horizoncited by 623
- 2016Neural Combinatorial Optimization with Reinforcement Learningcited by 608
- 2017Learning Combinatorial Optimization Algorithms over Graphscited by 561
- 2018Reinforcement Learning for Solving the Vehicle Routing Problemcited by 333
- 2020Reinforcement Learning for Combinatorial Optimization: A Surveycited by 236
- 2018Learning to Perform Local Rewriting for Combinatorial Optimizationcited by 185
- 2019Learning Improvement Heuristics for Solving Routing Problemscited by 164
- 2016Discriminative Embeddings of Latent Variable Models for Structured Datacited by 131
- 2020Hybrid Genetic Search for the CVRP: Open-Source Implementation and SWAP* Neighborhoodcited by 125
- 2021Efficient Active Search for Combinatorial Optimization Problemscited by 100
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 3; 2023: 4; 2024: 4; 2025: 4.
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- 2021Graph Neural Network Guided Local Search for the Traveling Salesperson Problemcited by 70
- 2023PyVRP: a high-performance VRP solver packagecited by 52
- 2022Efficient Neural Neighborhood Search for Pickup and Delivery Problemscited by 29
- 2024Neural Combinatorial Optimization Algorithms for Solving Vehicle Routing Problems: A Comprehensive Survey with Perspectivescited by 23
- 2022Learning to Solve Vehicle Routing Problems: A Surveycited by 16
- 2023Continuation Path Learning for Homotopy Optimizationcited by 12
- 2022Neural Improvement Heuristics for Graph Combinatorial Optimization Problemscited by 4
- 2023A Neural Separation Algorithm for the Rounded Capacity Inequalitiescited by 4
- 2023An Expandable Machine Learning-Optimization Framework to Sequential Decision-Makingcited by 4
- 2024Learning-Enhanced Neighborhood Selection for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windowscited by 2
- 2024Feature-Guided Metaheuristic with Diversity Management for Solving the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problemcited by 1
- 2025Reinforcement Learning for Solving the Pricing Problem in Column Generation: Applications to Vehicle Routingcited by 1
4 more
- 2025End-to-end Deep Reinforcement Learning for Stochastic Multi-objective Optimization in C-VRPTWcited by 1
- 2024Multi-Agent Environments for Vehicle Routing Problemscited by 0
- 2025Hybrid Node-Destroyer Model with Large Neighborhood Search for Solving the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problemcited by 0
- 2025Edge-Selector Model Applied for Local Search Neighborhood for Solving Vehicle Routing Problemscited by 0
- 2025End-to-end Deep Reinforcement Learning for Stochastic Multi-objective Optimization in C-VRPTW1 Dec 2025
- 2025Edge-Selector Model Applied for Local Search Neighborhood for Solving Vehicle Routing Problems12 Aug 2025
- 2025Hybrid Node-Destroyer Model with Large Neighborhood Search for Solving the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem12 Aug 2025
- 2025Reinforcement Learning for Solving the Pricing Problem in Column Generation: Applications to Vehicle Routing3 Apr 2025
- 2024Multi-Agent Environments for Vehicle Routing Problems21 Nov 2024
- 2024Feature-Guided Metaheuristic with Diversity Management for Solving the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem30 Jul 2024
- 2024Neural Combinatorial Optimization Algorithms for Solving Vehicle Routing Problems: A Comprehensive Survey with Perspectives1 Jun 2024
- 2024Learning-Enhanced Neighborhood Selection for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows13 Mar 2024
- 2023PyVRP: a high-performance VRP solver package22 Nov 2023
- 2023An Expandable Machine Learning-Optimization Framework to Sequential Decision-Making12 Nov 2023
- 2023Continuation Path Learning for Homotopy Optimization24 Jul 2023
- 2023A Neural Separation Algorithm for the Rounded Capacity Inequalities29 Jun 2023
4 more
- 2022Neural Improvement Heuristics for Graph Combinatorial Optimization Problems1 Jun 2022
- 2022Learning to Solve Vehicle Routing Problems: A Survey5 May 2022
- 2022Efficient Neural Neighborhood Search for Pickup and Delivery Problems25 Apr 2022
- 2021Graph Neural Network Guided Local Search for the Traveling Salesperson Problem11 Oct 2021
- 2021Graph Neural Network Guided Local Search for the Traveling Salesperson Problemcited by 70
- 2023PyVRP: a high-performance VRP solver packagecited by 52
- 2022Efficient Neural Neighborhood Search for Pickup and Delivery Problemscited by 29
- 2024Neural Combinatorial Optimization Algorithms for Solving Vehicle Routing Problems: A Comprehensive Survey with Perspectivescited by 23
- 2022Learning to Solve Vehicle Routing Problems: A Surveycited by 16
- 2023Continuation Path Learning for Homotopy Optimizationcited by 12
- 2022Neural Improvement Heuristics for Graph Combinatorial Optimization Problemscited by 4
- 2023A Neural Separation Algorithm for the Rounded Capacity Inequalitiescited by 4
- 2023An Expandable Machine Learning-Optimization Framework to Sequential Decision-Makingcited by 4
- 2024Learning-Enhanced Neighborhood Selection for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windowscited by 2
- 2024Feature-Guided Metaheuristic with Diversity Management for Solving the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problemcited by 1
- 2024Multi-Agent Environments for Vehicle Routing Problemscited by 0
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2025Edge-Selector Model Applied for Local Search Neighborhood for Solving Vehicle Routing Problems12 Aug 2025
- 2025Hybrid Node-Destroyer Model with Large Neighborhood Search for Solving the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem12 Aug 2025
- 2024Multi-Agent Environments for Vehicle Routing Problems21 Nov 2024
- 2024Feature-Guided Metaheuristic with Diversity Management for Solving the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem30 Jul 2024
- 2024Neural Combinatorial Optimization Algorithms for Solving Vehicle Routing Problems: A Comprehensive Survey with Perspectives1 Jun 2024
- 2024Learning-Enhanced Neighborhood Selection for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows13 Mar 2024
- 2023PyVRP: a high-performance VRP solver package22 Nov 2023
- 2023An Expandable Machine Learning-Optimization Framework to Sequential Decision-Making12 Nov 2023
- 2023Continuation Path Learning for Homotopy Optimization24 Jul 2023
- 2023A Neural Separation Algorithm for the Rounded Capacity Inequalities29 Jun 2023
- 2022Neural Improvement Heuristics for Graph Combinatorial Optimization Problems1 Jun 2022
- 2022Learning to Solve Vehicle Routing Problems: A Survey5 May 2022
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)