BEVCar: Camera-Radar Fusion for BEV Map and Object Segmentation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Semantic scene segmentation from a bird's-eye-view (BEV) perspective plays a crucial role in facilitating planning and decision-making for mobile robots. Although recent vision-only methods have demonstrated notable advancements in performance, they often struggle under adverse illumination conditions such as rain or nighttime. While active sensors offer a solution to this challenge, the prohibitively high cost of LiDARs remains a limiting factor. Fusing camera data with automotive radars poses a more inexpensive alternative but has received less attention in prior research. In this work, we aim to advance this promising avenue by introducing BEVCar, a novel approach for joint BEV object and map segmentation. The core novelty of our approach lies in first learning a point-based encoding of raw radar data, which is then leveraged to efficiently initialize the lifting of image features into the BEV space. We perform extensive experiments on the nuScenes dataset and demonstrate that BEVCar outperforms the current state of the art. Moreover, we show that incorporating radar information significantly enhances robustness in challenging environmental conditions and improves segmentation performance for distant objects. To foster future research, we provide the weather split of the nuScenes dataset used in our experiments, along with our code and trained models at http://bevcar.cs.uni-freiburg.de.
Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 32 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Mar 2024.
Builds on
32 of 39 references.
References · 32
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 52,096
- 2023DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervisioncited by 7,974
- 2019EfficientNet: Rethinking Model Scaling for Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 6,442
- 2019nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous drivingcited by 4,523
- 2020Deformable DETR: Deformable Transformers for End-to-End Object Detectioncited by 3,422
- 2017VoxelNet: End-to-End Learning for Point Cloud Based 3D Object Detectioncited by 1,323
- 2022BEVFormer: Learning Bird's-Eye-View Representation from Multi-Camera Images via Spatiotemporal Transformerscited by 1,218
- 2020Lift, Splat, Shoot: Encoding Images From Arbitrary Camera Rigs by Implicitly Unprojecting to 3Dcited by 1,044
- 2021BEVDet: High-performance Multi-camera 3D Object Detection in Bird-Eye-Viewcited by 713
- 2022Vision Transformer Adapter for Dense Predictionscited by 565
- 2022TransFusion: Robust LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Object Detection with Transformerscited by 466
- 2022BEVFusion: A Simple and Robust LiDAR-Camera Fusion Frameworkcited by 336
20 more
- 2023VoxFormer: Sparse Voxel Transformer for Camera-based 3D Semantic Scene Completioncited by 313
- 2022Cross-view Transformers for real-time Map-view Semantic Segmentationcited by 264
- 2022BEVerse: Unified Perception and Prediction in Birds-Eye-View for Vision-Centric Autonomous Drivingcited by 191
- 2019Pseudo-LiDAR++: Accurate Depth for 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Drivingcited by 188
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- 2019Cross-view Semantic Segmentation for Sensing Surroundingscited by 174
- 2019The Oxford Radar RobotCar Dataset: A Radar Extension to the Oxford RobotCar Datasetcited by 134
- 2022Simple-BEV: What Really Matters for Multi-Sensor BEV Perception?cited by 128
- 2022BEVSegFormer: Bird's Eye View Semantic Segmentation From Arbitrary Camera Rigscited by 123
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- 2018Monocular Semantic Occupancy Grid Mapping with Convolutional Variational Encoder-Decoder Networkscited by 84
- 2023CRN: Camera Radar Net for Accurate, Robust, Efficient 3D Perceptioncited by 82
- 2022TJ4DRadSet: A 4D Radar Dataset for Autonomous Drivingcited by 75
- 2020FISHING Net: Future Inference of Semantic Heatmaps In Gridscited by 55
- 2021Bird's-Eye-View Panoptic Segmentation Using Monocular Frontal View Imagescited by 48
- 2023SkyEye: Self-Supervised Bird's-Eye-View Semantic Mapping Using Monocular Frontal View Imagescited by 35
- 2023Few-Shot Panoptic Segmentation With Foundation Modelscited by 18
- 2024Semantic Scene Segmentation for Roboticscited by 16
- 2023Efficient Learning of Urban Driving Policies Using Bird's-Eye-View State Representationscited by 6
- 2023ClusterFusion: Leveraging Radar Spatial Features for Radar-Camera 3D Object Detection in Autonomous Vehiclescited by 5
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 12; 2026: 11.
27 papers.
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- 2024RCBEVDet++: Toward High-accuracy Radar-Camera Fusion 3D Perception Networkcited by 11
- 2025Bridging Perspectives: Foundation Model Guided BEV Maps for 3D Object Detection and Trackingcited by 9
- 2025Multi-Scale Neighborhood Occupancy Masked Autoencoder for Self-Supervised Learning in LiDAR Point Cloudscited by 7
- 2025Hyperspectral Adapter for Semantic Segmentation with Vision Foundation Modelscited by 7
- 2024Robust Bird's Eye View Segmentation by Adapting DINOv2cited by 6
- 2026UP-Fuse: Uncertainty-guided LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Panoptic Segmentationcited by 6
- 2025FishBEV: Distortion-Resilient Bird's Eye View Segmentation with Surround-View Fisheye Camerascited by 3
- 2026FishRoPE: Projective Rotary Position Embeddings for Omnidirectional Visual Perceptioncited by 3
- 2025CaRaFFusion: Improving 2D Semantic Segmentation with Camera-Radar Point Cloud Fusion and Zero-Shot Image Inpaintingcited by 2
- 2025RESAR-BEV: An Explainable Progressive Residual Autoregressive Approach for Camera-Radar Fusion in BEV Segmentationcited by 2
- 2025MapFM: Foundation Model-Driven HD Mapping with Multi-Task Contextual Learningcited by 2
- 2024LetsMap: Unsupervised Representation Learning for Semantic BEV Mappingcited by 1
15 more
- 2024Velocity Driven Vision: Asynchronous Sensor Fusion Birds Eye View Models for Autonomous Vehiclescited by 1
- 2025PTQAT: A Hybrid Parameter-Efficient Quantization Algorithm for 3D Perception Taskscited by 1
- 2025Occluded nuScenes: A Multi-Sensor Dataset for Evaluating Perception Robustness in Automated Drivingcited by 1
- 2026MambaFusion: Adaptive State-Space Fusion for Multimodal 3D Object Detectioncited by 1
- 2026RESBev: Making BEV Perception More Robustcited by 1
- 2025RCDINO: Enhancing Radar-Camera 3D Object Detection with DINOv2 Semantic Featurescited by 0
- 2025FIN: Fast Inference Network for Map Segmentationcited by 0
- 2025IMKD: Intensity-Aware Multi-Level Knowledge Distillation for Camera-Radar Fusioncited by 0
- 2026DinoRADE: Full Spectral Radar-Camera Fusion with Vision Foundation Model Features for Multi-class Object Detection in Adverse Weathercited by 0
- 2026Radar-Camera BEV Multi-Task Learning with Cross-Task Attention Bridge for Joint 3D Detection and Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026CLLAP: Contrastive Learning-based LiDAR-Augmented Pretraining for Enhanced Radar-Camera Fusioncited by 0
- 2026Joint Target-Less Intrinsic and Extrinsic Camera-LiDAR Calibration using Deep Point Correspondencescited by 0
- 2026Neuromorphic LiDAR-based Bird's Eye View Object Detection using Energy-efficient Spiking Neural Networkscited by 0
- 2026CRISP: A Spatiotemporal Camera-Radar Backbone for Driving via Forecasting-Based World-Model Pretrainingcited by 0
- 2026Multi-Modal Traffic Sign Detection with Semantic Attributes for Autonomous Drivingcited by 0
- 2026Multi-Modal Traffic Sign Detection with Semantic Attributes for Autonomous Driving21 Aug 2026
- 2026CRISP: A Spatiotemporal Camera-Radar Backbone for Driving via Forecasting-Based World-Model Pretraining5 Jul 2026
- 2026Neuromorphic LiDAR-based Bird's Eye View Object Detection using Energy-efficient Spiking Neural Networks24 May 2026
- 2026Joint Target-Less Intrinsic and Extrinsic Camera-LiDAR Calibration using Deep Point Correspondences22 May 2026
- 2026CLLAP: Contrastive Learning-based LiDAR-Augmented Pretraining for Enhanced Radar-Camera Fusion27 Apr 2026
- 2026Radar-Camera BEV Multi-Task Learning with Cross-Task Attention Bridge for Joint 3D Detection and Segmentation14 Apr 2026
- 2026FishRoPE: Projective Rotary Position Embeddings for Omnidirectional Visual Perception12 Apr 2026
- 2026DinoRADE: Full Spectral Radar-Camera Fusion with Vision Foundation Model Features for Multi-class Object Detection in Adverse Weather9 Apr 2026
- 2026RESBev: Making BEV Perception More Robust10 Mar 2026
- 2026UP-Fuse: Uncertainty-guided LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Panoptic Segmentation22 Feb 2026
- 2026MambaFusion: Adaptive State-Space Fusion for Multimodal 3D Object Detection8 Feb 2026
- 2025IMKD: Intensity-Aware Multi-Level Knowledge Distillation for Camera-Radar Fusion17 Dec 2025
15 more
- 2025Occluded nuScenes: A Multi-Sensor Dataset for Evaluating Perception Robustness in Automated Driving21 Oct 2025
- 2025Bridging Perspectives: Foundation Model Guided BEV Maps for 3D Object Detection and Tracking11 Oct 2025
- 2025FIN: Fast Inference Network for Map Segmentation1 Oct 2025
- 2025Hyperspectral Adapter for Semantic Segmentation with Vision Foundation Models24 Sep 2025
- 2025FishBEV: Distortion-Resilient Bird's Eye View Segmentation with Surround-View Fisheye Cameras17 Sep 2025
- 2025RCDINO: Enhancing Radar-Camera 3D Object Detection with DINOv2 Semantic Features21 Aug 2025
- 2025PTQAT: A Hybrid Parameter-Efficient Quantization Algorithm for 3D Perception Tasks14 Aug 2025
- 2025MapFM: Foundation Model-Driven HD Mapping with Multi-Task Contextual Learning18 Jun 2025
- 2025RESAR-BEV: An Explainable Progressive Residual Autoregressive Approach for Camera-Radar Fusion in BEV Segmentation10 May 2025
- 2025CaRaFFusion: Improving 2D Semantic Segmentation with Camera-Radar Point Cloud Fusion and Zero-Shot Image Inpainting6 May 2025
- 2025Multi-Scale Neighborhood Occupancy Masked Autoencoder for Self-Supervised Learning in LiDAR Point Clouds27 Feb 2025
- 2024Robust Bird's Eye View Segmentation by Adapting DINOv216 Sep 2024
- 2024RCBEVDet++: Toward High-accuracy Radar-Camera Fusion 3D Perception Network8 Sep 2024
- 2024Velocity Driven Vision: Asynchronous Sensor Fusion Birds Eye View Models for Autonomous Vehicles23 Jul 2024
- 2024LetsMap: Unsupervised Representation Learning for Semantic BEV Mapping29 May 2024
- 2024RCBEVDet++: Toward High-accuracy Radar-Camera Fusion 3D Perception Networkcited by 11
- 2025Bridging Perspectives: Foundation Model Guided BEV Maps for 3D Object Detection and Trackingcited by 9
- 2025Multi-Scale Neighborhood Occupancy Masked Autoencoder for Self-Supervised Learning in LiDAR Point Cloudscited by 7
- 2025Hyperspectral Adapter for Semantic Segmentation with Vision Foundation Modelscited by 7
- 2024Robust Bird's Eye View Segmentation by Adapting DINOv2cited by 6
- 2026UP-Fuse: Uncertainty-guided LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Panoptic Segmentationcited by 6
- 2025FishBEV: Distortion-Resilient Bird's Eye View Segmentation with Surround-View Fisheye Camerascited by 3
- 2026FishRoPE: Projective Rotary Position Embeddings for Omnidirectional Visual Perceptioncited by 3
- 2025CaRaFFusion: Improving 2D Semantic Segmentation with Camera-Radar Point Cloud Fusion and Zero-Shot Image Inpaintingcited by 2
- 2025RESAR-BEV: An Explainable Progressive Residual Autoregressive Approach for Camera-Radar Fusion in BEV Segmentationcited by 2
- 2025MapFM: Foundation Model-Driven HD Mapping with Multi-Task Contextual Learningcited by 2
- 2024LetsMap: Unsupervised Representation Learning for Semantic BEV Mappingcited by 1
12 most cited of 25 All 25 (JSON)
- 2026Multi-Modal Traffic Sign Detection with Semantic Attributes for Autonomous Driving21 Aug 2026
- 2026Neuromorphic LiDAR-based Bird's Eye View Object Detection using Energy-efficient Spiking Neural Networks24 May 2026
- 2026Joint Target-Less Intrinsic and Extrinsic Camera-LiDAR Calibration using Deep Point Correspondences22 May 2026
- 2026CLLAP: Contrastive Learning-based LiDAR-Augmented Pretraining for Enhanced Radar-Camera Fusion27 Apr 2026
- 2026Radar-Camera BEV Multi-Task Learning with Cross-Task Attention Bridge for Joint 3D Detection and Segmentation14 Apr 2026
- 2026FishRoPE: Projective Rotary Position Embeddings for Omnidirectional Visual Perception12 Apr 2026
- 2026DinoRADE: Full Spectral Radar-Camera Fusion with Vision Foundation Model Features for Multi-class Object Detection in Adverse Weather9 Apr 2026
- 2026RESBev: Making BEV Perception More Robust10 Mar 2026
- 2026UP-Fuse: Uncertainty-guided LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Panoptic Segmentation22 Feb 2026
- 2026MambaFusion: Adaptive State-Space Fusion for Multimodal 3D Object Detection8 Feb 2026
- 2025Occluded nuScenes: A Multi-Sensor Dataset for Evaluating Perception Robustness in Automated Driving21 Oct 2025
- 2025Bridging Perspectives: Foundation Model Guided BEV Maps for 3D Object Detection and Tracking11 Oct 2025
12 newest of 25 All 25 (JSON)