Joint Multimodal Transformer for Emotion Recognition in the Wild
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Multimodal emotion recognition (MMER) systems typically outperform unimodal systems by leveraging the inter- and intra-modal relationships between, e.g., visual, textual, physiological, and auditory modalities. This paper proposes an MMER method that relies on a joint multimodal transformer (JMT) for fusion with key-based cross-attention. This framework can exploit the complementary nature of diverse modalities to improve predictive accuracy. Separate backbones capture intra-modal spatiotemporal dependencies within each modality over video sequences. Subsequently, our JMT fusion architecture integrates the individual modality embeddings, allowing the model to effectively capture inter- and intra-modal relationships. Extensive experiments on two challenging expression recognition tasks -- (1) dimensional emotion recognition on the Affwild2 dataset (with face and voice) and (2) pain estimation on the Biovid dataset (with face and biosensors) -- indicate that our JMT fusion can provide a cost-effective solution for MMER. Empirical results show that MMER systems with our proposed fusion allow us to outperform relevant baseline and state-of-the-art methods.
Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). Builds on 37 of its 63 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 15 Mar 2024.
Builds on
37 of 63 references.
References · 37
- 2015Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognitioncited by 51,950
- 2014Learning Phrase Representations using RNN Encoder-Decoder for Statistical Machine Translationcited by 4,024
- 2019ViLBERT: Pretraining Task-Agnostic Visiolinguistic Representations for Vision-and-Language Taskscited by 2,220
- 2023Multimodal Deep Learningcited by 257
- 2019Expression, Affect, Action Unit Recognition: Aff-Wild2, Multi-Task Learning and ArcFacecited by 222
- 2018Deep Affect Prediction in-the-wild: Aff-Wild Database and Challenge, Deep Architectures, and Beyondcited by 216
- 2020Analysing Affective Behavior in the First ABAW 2020 Competitioncited by 178
- 2021Affect Analysis in-the-wild: Valence-Arousal, Expressions, Action Units and a Unified Frameworkcited by 174
- 2021Distribution Matching for Heterogeneous Multi-Task Learning: a Large-scale Face Studycited by 168
- 2021Analysing Affective Behavior in the second ABAW2 Competitioncited by 163
- 2022ABAW: Valence-Arousal Estimation, Expression Recognition, Action Unit Detection & Multi-Task Learning Challengescited by 156
- 2019Face Behavior a la carte: Expressions, Affect and Action Units in a Single Networkcited by 155
25 more
- 2022ABAW: Learning from Synthetic Data & Multi-Task Learning Challengescited by 110
- 2023ABAW: Valence-Arousal Estimation, Expression Recognition, Action Unit Detection & Emotional Reaction Intensity Estimation Challengescited by 110
- 2024The 6th Affective Behavior Analysis in-the-wild (ABAW) Competitioncited by 78
- 2017End-to-End Multimodal Emotion Recognition using Deep Neural Networkscited by 69
- 2020Two-Stream Aural-Visual Affect Analysis in the Wildcited by 51
- 2020Audio-Visual Event Localization via Recursive Fusion by Joint Co-Attentioncited by 37
- 2020Training Strategies to Handle Missing Modalities for Audio-Visual Expression Recognitioncited by 36
- 2022A Joint Cross-Attention Model for Audio-Visual Fusion in Dimensional Emotion Recognitioncited by 33
- 2021Leveraging Recent Advances in Deep Learning for Audio-Visual Emotion Recognitioncited by 30
- 2021Iterative Distillation for Better Uncertainty Estimates in Multitask Emotion Recognitioncited by 20
- 2022Continuous Emotion Recognition using Visual-audio-linguistic information: A Technical Report for ABAW3cited by 20
- 2023Leveraging TCN and Transformer for effective visual-audio fusion in continuous emotion recognitioncited by 20
- 2021Cross Attentional Audio-Visual Fusion for Dimensional Emotion Recognitioncited by 19
- 2022Frame-level Prediction of Facial Expressions, Valence, Arousal and Action Units for Mobile Devicescited by 16
- 2021Continuous Emotion Recognition with Audio-visual Leader-follower Attentive Fusioncited by 15
- 2022Multi-modal Emotion Estimation for in-the-wild Videoscited by 15
- 2024Distilling Privileged Multimodal Information for Expression Recognition using Optimal Transportcited by 15
- 2020M3T: Multi-Modal Continuous Valence-Arousal Estimation in the Wildcited by 14
- 2023Transformer Encoder with Multiscale Deep Learning for Pain Classification Using Physiological Signalscited by 14
- 2022A Pre-trained Audio-Visual Transformer for Emotion Recognitioncited by 12
- 2017Multi-task Neural Networks for Personalized Pain Recognition from Physiological Signalscited by 11
- 2020Deep Auto-Encoders with Sequential Learning for Multimodal Dimensional Emotion Recognitioncited by 11
- 2019Emotion Recognition Using Fusion of Audio and Video Featurescited by 10
- 2022An Ensemble Approach for Facial Expression Analysis in Videocited by 9
- 2022Continuous-Time Audiovisual Fusion with Recurrence vs. Attention for In-The-Wild Affect Recognitioncited by 7
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 6; 2026: 5.
13 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2025BAH Dataset for Ambivalence/Hesitancy Recognition in Videos for Digital Behavioural Changecited by 14
- 2024Textualized and Feature-based Models for Compound Multimodal Emotion Recognition in the Wildcited by 9
- 2025MAVEN: Multi-modal Attention for Valence-Arousal Emotion Networkcited by 8
- 2025Progressive Multi-Source Domain Adaptation for Personalized Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 6
- 2025MuSACo: Multimodal Subject-Specific Selection and Adaptation for Expression Recognition with Co-Trainingcited by 4
- 2024Multi Teacher Privileged Knowledge Distillation for Multimodal Expression Recognitioncited by 3
- 2026Temporal-Spatial Decouple before Act: Disentangled Representation Learning for Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 3
- 2026Multimodal Ambivalence/Hesitancy Recognition in Videos for Personalized Digital Health Interventionscited by 3
- 2026CLIP-AUTT: Test-Time Personalization with Action Unit Prompting for Fine-Grained Video Emotion Recognitioncited by 2
- 2025GIA-MIC: Multimodal Emotion Recognition with Gated Interactive Attention and Modality-Invariant Learning Constraintscited by 1
- 2025RollingQ: Reviving the Cooperation Dynamics in Multimodal Transformercited by 1
- 2026Relational graph-driven differential denoising and diffusion attention fusion for multimodal conversation emotion recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Quality-Aware Multimodal Fusion Reveals Implicit Identity in Valence-Arousal Features23 Jul 2026
- 2026Multimodal Ambivalence/Hesitancy Recognition in Videos for Personalized Digital Health Interventions13 Apr 2026
- 2026CLIP-AUTT: Test-Time Personalization with Action Unit Prompting for Fine-Grained Video Emotion Recognition30 Mar 2026
- 2026Relational graph-driven differential denoising and diffusion attention fusion for multimodal conversation emotion recognition22 Mar 2026
- 2026Temporal-Spatial Decouple before Act: Disentangled Representation Learning for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis20 Jan 2026
- 2025MuSACo: Multimodal Subject-Specific Selection and Adaptation for Expression Recognition with Co-Training17 Aug 2025
- 2025RollingQ: Reviving the Cooperation Dynamics in Multimodal Transformer13 Jun 2025
- 2025GIA-MIC: Multimodal Emotion Recognition with Gated Interactive Attention and Modality-Invariant Learning Constraints1 Jun 2025
- 2025BAH Dataset for Ambivalence/Hesitancy Recognition in Videos for Digital Behavioural Change25 May 2025
- 2025Progressive Multi-Source Domain Adaptation for Personalized Facial Expression Recognition5 Apr 2025
- 2025MAVEN: Multi-modal Attention for Valence-Arousal Emotion Network16 Mar 2025
- 2024Multi Teacher Privileged Knowledge Distillation for Multimodal Expression Recognition16 Aug 2024
- 2025BAH Dataset for Ambivalence/Hesitancy Recognition in Videos for Digital Behavioural Changecited by 14
- 2024Textualized and Feature-based Models for Compound Multimodal Emotion Recognition in the Wildcited by 9
- 2025MAVEN: Multi-modal Attention for Valence-Arousal Emotion Networkcited by 8
- 2025Progressive Multi-Source Domain Adaptation for Personalized Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 6
- 2025MuSACo: Multimodal Subject-Specific Selection and Adaptation for Expression Recognition with Co-Trainingcited by 4
- 2026Temporal-Spatial Decouple before Act: Disentangled Representation Learning for Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 3
- 2026Multimodal Ambivalence/Hesitancy Recognition in Videos for Personalized Digital Health Interventionscited by 3
- 2026CLIP-AUTT: Test-Time Personalization with Action Unit Prompting for Fine-Grained Video Emotion Recognitioncited by 2
- 2025GIA-MIC: Multimodal Emotion Recognition with Gated Interactive Attention and Modality-Invariant Learning Constraintscited by 1
- 2025RollingQ: Reviving the Cooperation Dynamics in Multimodal Transformercited by 1
- 2026Relational graph-driven differential denoising and diffusion attention fusion for multimodal conversation emotion recognitioncited by 0
- 2026Quality-Aware Multimodal Fusion Reveals Implicit Identity in Valence-Arousal Featurescited by 0
- 2026Quality-Aware Multimodal Fusion Reveals Implicit Identity in Valence-Arousal Features23 Jul 2026
- 2026Multimodal Ambivalence/Hesitancy Recognition in Videos for Personalized Digital Health Interventions13 Apr 2026
- 2026CLIP-AUTT: Test-Time Personalization with Action Unit Prompting for Fine-Grained Video Emotion Recognition30 Mar 2026
- 2026Relational graph-driven differential denoising and diffusion attention fusion for multimodal conversation emotion recognition22 Mar 2026
- 2026Temporal-Spatial Decouple before Act: Disentangled Representation Learning for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis20 Jan 2026
- 2025MuSACo: Multimodal Subject-Specific Selection and Adaptation for Expression Recognition with Co-Training17 Aug 2025
- 2025RollingQ: Reviving the Cooperation Dynamics in Multimodal Transformer13 Jun 2025
- 2025GIA-MIC: Multimodal Emotion Recognition with Gated Interactive Attention and Modality-Invariant Learning Constraints1 Jun 2025
- 2025BAH Dataset for Ambivalence/Hesitancy Recognition in Videos for Digital Behavioural Change25 May 2025
- 2025Progressive Multi-Source Domain Adaptation for Personalized Facial Expression Recognition5 Apr 2025
- 2025MAVEN: Multi-modal Attention for Valence-Arousal Emotion Network16 Mar 2025
- 2024Textualized and Feature-based Models for Compound Multimodal Emotion Recognition in the Wild17 Jul 2024