mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Leveraging Recent Advances in Deep Learning for Audio-Visual Emotion Recognition

arXiv 2103.09154 ↗First posted 16 Mar 2021cs.CV cs.LG cs.SDcited by 30

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Abstract (arXiv)

Emotional expressions are the behaviors that communicate our emotional state or attitude to others. They are expressed through verbal and non-verbal communication. Complex human behavior can be understood by studying physical features from multiple modalities; mainly facial, vocal and physical gestures. Recently, spontaneous multi-modal emotion recognition has been extensively studied for human behavior analysis. In this paper, we propose a new deep learning-based approach for audio-visual emotion recognition. Our approach leverages recent advances in deep learning like knowledge distillation and high-performing deep architectures. The deep feature representations of the audio and visual modalities are fused based on a model-level fusion strategy. A recurrent neural network is then used to capture the temporal dynamics. Our proposed approach substantially outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in predicting valence on the RECOLA dataset. Moreover, our proposed visual facial expression feature extraction network outperforms state-of-the-art results on the AffectNet and Google Facial Expression Comparison datasets.

Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Mar 2021.

Builds on

17 of 34 references.

References · 17

  1. 2015Distilling the Knowledge in a Neural Networkcited by 10,076
  2. 2016Densely Connected Convolutional Networkscited by 6,691
  3. 2015FaceNet: A Unified Embedding for Face Recognition and Clusteringcited by 2,833
  4. 2019Self-training with Noisy Student improves ImageNet classificationcited by 1,304
  5. 2017Multimodal Machine Learning: A Survey and Taxonomycited by 1,004
  6. 2016Joint Face Detection and Alignment using Multi-task Cascaded Convolutional Networkscited by 895
  7. 2019Relational Knowledge Distillationcited by 873
  8. 2016CNN Architectures for Large-Scale Audio Classificationcited by 701
  9. 2017AffectNet: A Database for Facial Expression, Valence, and Arousal Computing in the Wildcited by 490
  10. 2020Self-Distillation Amplifies Regularization in Hilbert Spacecited by 171
  11. 2017End-to-End Multimodal Emotion Recognition using Deep Neural Networkscited by 69
  12. 2018A Compact Embedding for Facial Expression Similaritycited by 41
5 more
  1. 2020Efficient Facial Feature Learning with Wide Ensemble-based Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 24
  2. 2018Local Learning with Deep and Handcrafted Features for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 23
  3. 2019Deep Learning for Human Affect Recognition: Insights and New Developmentscited by 23
  4. 2019MFCC-based Recurrent Neural Network for Automatic Clinical Depression Recognition and Assessment from Speechcited by 18
  5. 2020AudVowelConsNet: A Phoneme-Level Based Deep CNN Architecture for Clinical Depression Diagnosiscited by 14

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 8; 2023: 9; 2024: 7; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.

30 papers.

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  1. 2021Facial expression and attributes recognition based on multi-task learning of lightweight neural networkscited by 40
  2. 2023A Transformer-Based Model With Self-Distillation for Multimodal Emotion Recognition in Conversationscited by 37
  3. 2022A Joint Cross-Attention Model for Audio-Visual Fusion in Dimensional Emotion Recognitioncited by 33
  4. 2022COLD Fusion: Calibrated and Ordinal Latent Distribution Fusion for Uncertainty-Aware Multimodal Emotion Recognitioncited by 22
  5. 2021Cross Attentional Audio-Visual Fusion for Dimensional Emotion Recognitioncited by 19
  6. 2022Audio-Visual Fusion for Emotion Recognition in the Valence-Arousal Space Using Joint Cross-Attentioncited by 18
  7. 2023Emotional Listener Portrait: Neural Listener Head Generation with Emotioncited by 17
  8. 2024Recursive Joint Cross-Modal Attention for Multimodal Fusion in Dimensional Emotion Recognitioncited by 15
  9. 2024Joint Multimodal Transformer for Emotion Recognition in the Wildcited by 13
  10. 2024Textualized and Feature-based Models for Compound Multimodal Emotion Recognition in the Wildcited by 9
  11. 2022PTSD in the Wild: A Video Database for Studying Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Recognition in Unconstrained Environmentscited by 6
  12. 2023Recursive Joint Attention for Audio-Visual Fusion in Regression based Emotion Recognitioncited by 6
18 more
  1. 2023A vector quantized masked autoencoder for audiovisual speech emotion recognitioncited by 6
  2. 2023A multimodal dynamical variational autoencoder for audiovisual speech representation learningcited by 6
  3. 2023Versatile audio-visual learning for emotion recognitioncited by 5
  4. 2024Neuromorphic Valence and Arousal Estimationcited by 5
  5. 2022Privileged Attribution Constrained Deep Networks for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 4
  6. 2022Gaze-enhanced Crossmodal Embeddings for Emotion Recognitioncited by 4
  7. 2024Modeling Emotional Trajectories in Written Stories Utilizing Transformers and Weakly-Supervised Learningcited by 4
  8. 2025Unimodal-driven Distillation in Multimodal Emotion Recognition with Dynamic Fusioncited by 4
  9. 2022Video-based Cross-modal Auxiliary Network for Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 3
  10. 2024Cross-Attention is Not Always Needed: Dynamic Cross-Attention for Audio-Visual Dimensional Emotion Recognitioncited by 3
  11. 2023Contrastive Learning of View-Invariant Representations for Facial Expressions Recognitioncited by 2
  12. 2021Comparing Facial Expression Recognition in Humans and Machines: Using CAM, GradCAM, and Extremal Perturbationcited by 1
  13. 2023ArchBERT: Bi-Modal Understanding of Neural Architectures and Natural Languagescited by 1
  14. 2024Inconsistency-Aware Cross-Attention for Audio-Visual Fusion in Dimensional Emotion Recognitioncited by 1
  15. 2025eMotions: A Large-Scale Dataset and Audio-Visual Fusion Network for Emotion Analysis in Short-form Videoscited by 1
  16. 2026Data-Driven Decoding of Russell's Circumplex Model of Affectcited by 1
  17. 2022Distilled Non-Semantic Speech Embeddings with Binary Neural Networks for Low-Resource Devicescited by 0
  18. 2023AnoMalNet: Outlier Detection based Malaria Cell Image Classification Method Leveraging Deep Autoencodercited by 0