Leveraging Recent Advances in Deep Learning for Audio-Visual Emotion Recognition
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Abstract (arXiv)
Emotional expressions are the behaviors that communicate our emotional state or attitude to others. They are expressed through verbal and non-verbal communication. Complex human behavior can be understood by studying physical features from multiple modalities; mainly facial, vocal and physical gestures. Recently, spontaneous multi-modal emotion recognition has been extensively studied for human behavior analysis. In this paper, we propose a new deep learning-based approach for audio-visual emotion recognition. Our approach leverages recent advances in deep learning like knowledge distillation and high-performing deep architectures. The deep feature representations of the audio and visual modalities are fused based on a model-level fusion strategy. A recurrent neural network is then used to capture the temporal dynamics. Our proposed approach substantially outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in predicting valence on the RECOLA dataset. Moreover, our proposed visual facial expression feature extraction network outperforms state-of-the-art results on the AffectNet and Google Facial Expression Comparison datasets.
Key facts. Cited by 30 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Mar 2021.
Builds on
17 of 34 references.
References · 17
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- 2016Densely Connected Convolutional Networkscited by 6,691
- 2015FaceNet: A Unified Embedding for Face Recognition and Clusteringcited by 2,833
- 2019Self-training with Noisy Student improves ImageNet classificationcited by 1,304
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- 2019Relational Knowledge Distillationcited by 873
- 2016CNN Architectures for Large-Scale Audio Classificationcited by 701
- 2017AffectNet: A Database for Facial Expression, Valence, and Arousal Computing in the Wildcited by 490
- 2020Self-Distillation Amplifies Regularization in Hilbert Spacecited by 171
- 2017End-to-End Multimodal Emotion Recognition using Deep Neural Networkscited by 69
- 2018A Compact Embedding for Facial Expression Similaritycited by 41
5 more
- 2020Efficient Facial Feature Learning with Wide Ensemble-based Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 24
- 2018Local Learning with Deep and Handcrafted Features for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 23
- 2019Deep Learning for Human Affect Recognition: Insights and New Developmentscited by 23
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 8; 2023: 9; 2024: 7; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.
30 papers.
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- 2021Facial expression and attributes recognition based on multi-task learning of lightweight neural networkscited by 40
- 2023A Transformer-Based Model With Self-Distillation for Multimodal Emotion Recognition in Conversationscited by 37
- 2022A Joint Cross-Attention Model for Audio-Visual Fusion in Dimensional Emotion Recognitioncited by 33
- 2022COLD Fusion: Calibrated and Ordinal Latent Distribution Fusion for Uncertainty-Aware Multimodal Emotion Recognitioncited by 22
- 2021Cross Attentional Audio-Visual Fusion for Dimensional Emotion Recognitioncited by 19
- 2022Audio-Visual Fusion for Emotion Recognition in the Valence-Arousal Space Using Joint Cross-Attentioncited by 18
- 2023Emotional Listener Portrait: Neural Listener Head Generation with Emotioncited by 17
- 2024Recursive Joint Cross-Modal Attention for Multimodal Fusion in Dimensional Emotion Recognitioncited by 15
- 2024Joint Multimodal Transformer for Emotion Recognition in the Wildcited by 13
- 2024Textualized and Feature-based Models for Compound Multimodal Emotion Recognition in the Wildcited by 9
- 2022PTSD in the Wild: A Video Database for Studying Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Recognition in Unconstrained Environmentscited by 6
- 2023Recursive Joint Attention for Audio-Visual Fusion in Regression based Emotion Recognitioncited by 6
18 more
- 2023A vector quantized masked autoencoder for audiovisual speech emotion recognitioncited by 6
- 2023A multimodal dynamical variational autoencoder for audiovisual speech representation learningcited by 6
- 2023Versatile audio-visual learning for emotion recognitioncited by 5
- 2024Neuromorphic Valence and Arousal Estimationcited by 5
- 2022Privileged Attribution Constrained Deep Networks for Facial Expression Recognitioncited by 4
- 2022Gaze-enhanced Crossmodal Embeddings for Emotion Recognitioncited by 4
- 2024Modeling Emotional Trajectories in Written Stories Utilizing Transformers and Weakly-Supervised Learningcited by 4
- 2025Unimodal-driven Distillation in Multimodal Emotion Recognition with Dynamic Fusioncited by 4
- 2022Video-based Cross-modal Auxiliary Network for Multimodal Sentiment Analysiscited by 3
- 2024Cross-Attention is Not Always Needed: Dynamic Cross-Attention for Audio-Visual Dimensional Emotion Recognitioncited by 3
- 2023Contrastive Learning of View-Invariant Representations for Facial Expressions Recognitioncited by 2
- 2021Comparing Facial Expression Recognition in Humans and Machines: Using CAM, GradCAM, and Extremal Perturbationcited by 1
- 2023ArchBERT: Bi-Modal Understanding of Neural Architectures and Natural Languagescited by 1
- 2024Inconsistency-Aware Cross-Attention for Audio-Visual Fusion in Dimensional Emotion Recognitioncited by 1
- 2025eMotions: A Large-Scale Dataset and Audio-Visual Fusion Network for Emotion Analysis in Short-form Videoscited by 1
- 2026Data-Driven Decoding of Russell's Circumplex Model of Affectcited by 1
- 2022Distilled Non-Semantic Speech Embeddings with Binary Neural Networks for Low-Resource Devicescited by 0
- 2023AnoMalNet: Outlier Detection based Malaria Cell Image Classification Method Leveraging Deep Autoencodercited by 0
- 2026Data-Driven Decoding of Russell's Circumplex Model of Affect15 Jun 2026
- 2025eMotions: A Large-Scale Dataset and Audio-Visual Fusion Network for Emotion Analysis in Short-form Videos9 Aug 2025
- 2025Unimodal-driven Distillation in Multimodal Emotion Recognition with Dynamic Fusion31 Mar 2025
- 2024Textualized and Feature-based Models for Compound Multimodal Emotion Recognition in the Wild17 Jul 2024
- 2024Modeling Emotional Trajectories in Written Stories Utilizing Transformers and Weakly-Supervised Learning4 Jun 2024
- 2024Inconsistency-Aware Cross-Attention for Audio-Visual Fusion in Dimensional Emotion Recognition21 May 2024
- 2024Cross-Attention is Not Always Needed: Dynamic Cross-Attention for Audio-Visual Dimensional Emotion Recognition28 Mar 2024
- 2024Recursive Joint Cross-Modal Attention for Multimodal Fusion in Dimensional Emotion Recognition20 Mar 2024
- 2024Joint Multimodal Transformer for Emotion Recognition in the Wild15 Mar 2024
- 2024Neuromorphic Valence and Arousal Estimation29 Jan 2024
- 2023Contrastive Learning of View-Invariant Representations for Facial Expressions Recognition12 Nov 2023
- 2023A Transformer-Based Model With Self-Distillation for Multimodal Emotion Recognition in Conversations31 Oct 2023
18 more
- 2023ArchBERT: Bi-Modal Understanding of Neural Architectures and Natural Languages26 Oct 2023
- 2023Emotional Listener Portrait: Neural Listener Head Generation with Emotion29 Sep 2023
- 2023Versatile audio-visual learning for emotion recognition12 May 2023
- 2023A multimodal dynamical variational autoencoder for audiovisual speech representation learning5 May 2023
- 2023A vector quantized masked autoencoder for audiovisual speech emotion recognition5 May 2023
- 2023Recursive Joint Attention for Audio-Visual Fusion in Regression based Emotion Recognition17 Apr 2023
- 2023AnoMalNet: Outlier Detection based Malaria Cell Image Classification Method Leveraging Deep Autoencoder10 Mar 2023
- 2022PTSD in the Wild: A Video Database for Studying Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Recognition in Unconstrained Environments28 Sep 2022
- 2022Audio-Visual Fusion for Emotion Recognition in the Valence-Arousal Space Using Joint Cross-Attention19 Sep 2022
- 2022Video-based Cross-modal Auxiliary Network for Multimodal Sentiment Analysis30 Aug 2022
- 2022Distilled Non-Semantic Speech Embeddings with Binary Neural Networks for Low-Resource Devices12 Jul 2022
- 2022COLD Fusion: Calibrated and Ordinal Latent Distribution Fusion for Uncertainty-Aware Multimodal Emotion Recognition12 Jun 2022
- 2022Gaze-enhanced Crossmodal Embeddings for Emotion Recognition30 Apr 2022
- 2022A Joint Cross-Attention Model for Audio-Visual Fusion in Dimensional Emotion Recognition28 Mar 2022
- 2022Privileged Attribution Constrained Deep Networks for Facial Expression Recognition24 Mar 2022
- 2021Cross Attentional Audio-Visual Fusion for Dimensional Emotion Recognition9 Nov 2021
- 2021Comparing Facial Expression Recognition in Humans and Machines: Using CAM, GradCAM, and Extremal Perturbation9 Oct 2021
- 2021Facial expression and attributes recognition based on multi-task learning of lightweight neural networks31 Mar 2021
- 2021Facial expression and attributes recognition based on multi-task learning of lightweight neural networkscited by 40
- 2023A Transformer-Based Model With Self-Distillation for Multimodal Emotion Recognition in Conversationscited by 37
- 2022A Joint Cross-Attention Model for Audio-Visual Fusion in Dimensional Emotion Recognitioncited by 33
- 2022COLD Fusion: Calibrated and Ordinal Latent Distribution Fusion for Uncertainty-Aware Multimodal Emotion Recognitioncited by 22
- 2021Cross Attentional Audio-Visual Fusion for Dimensional Emotion Recognitioncited by 19
- 2022Audio-Visual Fusion for Emotion Recognition in the Valence-Arousal Space Using Joint Cross-Attentioncited by 18
- 2023Emotional Listener Portrait: Neural Listener Head Generation with Emotioncited by 17
- 2024Recursive Joint Cross-Modal Attention for Multimodal Fusion in Dimensional Emotion Recognitioncited by 15
- 2024Joint Multimodal Transformer for Emotion Recognition in the Wildcited by 13
- 2024Textualized and Feature-based Models for Compound Multimodal Emotion Recognition in the Wildcited by 9
- 2022PTSD in the Wild: A Video Database for Studying Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Recognition in Unconstrained Environmentscited by 6
- 2023Recursive Joint Attention for Audio-Visual Fusion in Regression based Emotion Recognitioncited by 6
12 most cited of 28 All 28 (JSON)
- 2026Data-Driven Decoding of Russell's Circumplex Model of Affect15 Jun 2026
- 2025eMotions: A Large-Scale Dataset and Audio-Visual Fusion Network for Emotion Analysis in Short-form Videos9 Aug 2025
- 2024Textualized and Feature-based Models for Compound Multimodal Emotion Recognition in the Wild17 Jul 2024
- 2024Modeling Emotional Trajectories in Written Stories Utilizing Transformers and Weakly-Supervised Learning4 Jun 2024
- 2024Inconsistency-Aware Cross-Attention for Audio-Visual Fusion in Dimensional Emotion Recognition21 May 2024
- 2024Cross-Attention is Not Always Needed: Dynamic Cross-Attention for Audio-Visual Dimensional Emotion Recognition28 Mar 2024
- 2024Recursive Joint Cross-Modal Attention for Multimodal Fusion in Dimensional Emotion Recognition20 Mar 2024
- 2024Joint Multimodal Transformer for Emotion Recognition in the Wild15 Mar 2024
- 2024Neuromorphic Valence and Arousal Estimation29 Jan 2024
- 2023Contrastive Learning of View-Invariant Representations for Facial Expressions Recognition12 Nov 2023
- 2023A Transformer-Based Model With Self-Distillation for Multimodal Emotion Recognition in Conversations31 Oct 2023
- 2023Emotional Listener Portrait: Neural Listener Head Generation with Emotion29 Sep 2023
12 newest of 28 All 28 (JSON)