mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

CoRelation: Boosting Automatic ICD Coding Through Contextualized Code Relation Learning

arXiv 2402.15700 ↗First posted 24 Feb 2024cs.LG cs.AI cs.CLcited by 18

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Abstract (arXiv)

Automatic International Classification of Diseases (ICD) coding plays a crucial role in the extraction of relevant information from clinical notes for proper recording and billing. One of the most important directions for boosting the performance of automatic ICD coding is modeling ICD code relations. However, current methods insufficiently model the intricate relationships among ICD codes and often overlook the importance of context in clinical notes. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, a contextualized and flexible framework, to enhance the learning of ICD code representations. Our approach, unlike existing methods, employs a dependent learning paradigm that considers the context of clinical notes in modeling all possible code relations. We evaluate our approach on six public ICD coding datasets and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach compared to state-of-the-art baselines.

Key facts. Cited by 18 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 24 Feb 2024.

Builds on

18 of 31 references.

References · 18

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 60,361
  2. 2020A Generalization of Transformer Networks to Graphscited by 661
  3. 2018Explainable Prediction of Medical Codes from Clinical Textcited by 234
  4. 2021R-Drop: Regularized Dropout for Neural Networkscited by 202
  5. 2019ICD Coding from Clinical Text Using Multi-Filter Residual Convolutional Neural Networkcited by 73
  6. 2022Code Synonyms Do Matter: Multiple Synonyms Matching Network for Automatic ICD Codingcited by 53
  7. 2020A Label Attention Model for ICD Coding from Clinical Textcited by 48
  8. 2022Knowledge Injected Prompt Based Fine-tuning for Multi-label Few-shot ICD Codingcited by 40
  9. 2021Does the Magic of BERT Apply to Medical Code Assignment? A Quantitative Studycited by 39
  10. 2020Explainable Automated Coding of Clinical Notes using Hierarchical Label-wise Attention Networks and Label Embedding Initialisationcited by 38
  11. 2021Towards BERT-based Automatic ICD Coding: Limitations and Opportunitiescited by 25
  12. 2023Mimic-IV-ICD: A new benchmark for eXtreme MultiLabel Classificationcited by 19
6 more
  1. 2022Multi-label Few-shot ICD Coding as Autoregressive Generation with Promptcited by 17
  2. 2022Hierarchical Label-wise Attention Transformer Model for Explainable ICD Codingcited by 13
  3. 2022ICDBigBird: A Contextual Embedding Model for ICD Code Classificationcited by 10
  4. 2023A Two-Stage Decoder for Efficient ICD Codingcited by 9
  5. 2023Modelling Temporal Document Sequences for Clinical ICD Codingcited by 7
  6. 2023TreeMAN: Tree-enhanced Multimodal Attention Network for ICD Codingcited by 6

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 5; 2025: 8; 2026: 5.

18 papers.

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  1. 2025A General Knowledge Injection Framework for ICD Codingcited by 7
  2. 2025The Anatomy of Evidence: An Investigation Into Explainable ICD Codingcited by 3
  3. 2024Similarity-Dissimilarity Loss for Multi-label Supervised Contrastive Learningcited by 2
  4. 2025MEDMKG: Benchmarking Medical Knowledge Exploitation with Multimodal Knowledge Graphcited by 2
  5. 2024A Novel ICD Coding Method Based on Associated and Hierarchical Code Description Distillationcited by 1
  6. 2025Evaluation and LLM-Guided Learning of ICD Coding Rationalescited by 1
  7. 2024BIPEFT: Budget-Guided Iterative Search for Parameter Efficient Fine-Tuning of Large Pretrained Language Modelscited by 0
  8. 2024A Novel Method to Metigate Demographic and Expert Bias in ICD Coding with Causal Inferencecited by 0
  9. 2024Don't Pay Attention, PLANT It: Pretraining Attention via Learning-to-Rankcited by 0
  10. 2025Data Augmentation Techniques for Chinese Disease Name Normalizationcited by 0
  11. 2025MKE-Coder: Multi-Axial Knowledge with Evidence Verification in ICD Coding for Chinese EMRscited by 0
  12. 2025TraceCoder: Towards Traceable ICD Coding via Multi-Source Knowledge Integrationcited by 0
6 more
  1. 2025Enhancing Rare Codes via Probability-Biased Directed Graph Attention for Long-Tail ICD Codingcited by 0
  2. 2026From Documents to Spans: Span-Centric Learning for LLM-based Explainable Medical Codingcited by 0
  3. 2026Bridging the Version Gap: Multi-version Training Improves ICD Code Prediction, Especially for Rare Codescited by 0
  4. 2026xMICD: Explainable Representation of Multiple ICD Codescited by 0
  5. 2026CoLa-ICD: A Knowledge-Enhanced Framework for Long-Tail Automated Medical Codingcited by 0
  6. 2026Beyond ICD Codes: Semantic IDs for Generative Medical Codingcited by 0