Mirror: A Multiple-perspective Self-Reflection Method for Knowledge-rich Reasoning
On the map: LLM reasoning → Test-time compute and efficient thinking
Abstract (arXiv)
While Large language models (LLMs) have the capability to iteratively reflect on their own outputs, recent studies have observed their struggles with knowledge-rich problems without access to external resources. In addition to the inefficiency of LLMs in self-assessment, we also observe that LLMs struggle to revisit their predictions despite receiving explicit negative feedback. Therefore, We propose Mirror, a Multiple-perspective self-reflection method for knowledge-rich reasoning, to avoid getting stuck at a particular reflection iteration. Mirror enables LLMs to reflect from multiple-perspective clues, achieved through a heuristic interaction between a Navigator and a Reasoner. It guides agents toward diverse yet plausibly reliable reasoning trajectory without access to ground truth by encouraging (1) diversity of directions generated by Navigator and (2) agreement among strategically induced perturbations in responses generated by the Reasoner. The experiments on five reasoning datasets demonstrate that Mirror's superiority over several contemporary self-reflection approaches. Additionally, the ablation study studies clearly indicate that our strategies alleviate the aforementioned challenges.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Test-time compute and efficient thinking, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 15 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 22 Feb 2024.
Builds on
15 of 49 references.
Closest ancestors · 4
Same direction, newest first
- 2023Large Language Models Cannot Self-Correct Reasoning Yet3 Oct
- 2023CRITIC: Large Language Models Can Self-Correct with Tool-Interactive Critiquing19 May
- 2023Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedback30 Mar
- 2022Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know11 Jul
Other references · 11
- 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
- 2023Lost in the Middle: How Language Models Use Long Contextscited by 3,383
- 2023Reasoning with Language Model is Planning with World Modelcited by 846
- 2023SelfCheckGPT: Zero-Resource Black-Box Hallucination Detection for Generative Large Language Modelscited by 787
- 2023Language Agent Tree Search Unifies Reasoning Acting and Planning in Language Modelscited by 551
- 2023Learning Universal Policies via Text-Guided Video Generationcited by 506
- 2023Check Your Facts and Try Again: Improving Large Language Models with External Knowledge and Automated Feedbackcited by 351
- 2023Large Language Models Understand and Can be Enhanced by Emotional Stimulicited by 143
- 2023Training Socially Aligned Language Models on Simulated Social Interactionscited by 77
- 2023Small Models are Valuable Plug-ins for Large Language Modelscited by 42
- 2023C-MCTS: Safe Planning with Monte Carlo Tree Searchcited by 6
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 4; 2026: 2.
9 papers.
- 2024Scaling of Search and Learning: A Roadmap to Reproduce o1 from Reinforcement Learning Perspectivecited by 49
- 2025OnePiece: Bringing Context Engineering and Reasoning to Industrial Cascade Ranking Systemcited by 18
- 2026Auditing Multi-Agent LLM Reasoning Trees Outperforms Majority Vote and LLM-as-Judgecited by 16
- 2025EvaLearn: Quantifying the Learning Capability and Efficiency of LLMs via Sequential Problem Solvingcited by 10
- 2024SEED: Accelerating Reasoning Tree Construction via Scheduled Speculative Decodingcited by 9
- 2024A Survey of Calibration Process for Black-Box LLMscited by 8
- 2025WikiAutoGen: Towards Multi-Modal Wikipedia-Style Article Generationcited by 5
- 2025MR-Align: Meta-Reasoning Informed Factuality Alignment for Large Reasoning Modelscited by 4
- 2026RE-AD: Real-Time Requirement Adherence for Data Labelingcited by 0
- 2026RE-AD: Real-Time Requirement Adherence for Data Labeling14 May 2026
- 2026Auditing Multi-Agent LLM Reasoning Trees Outperforms Majority Vote and LLM-as-Judge10 Feb 2026
- 2025MR-Align: Meta-Reasoning Informed Factuality Alignment for Large Reasoning Models27 Oct 2025
- 2025OnePiece: Bringing Context Engineering and Reasoning to Industrial Cascade Ranking System22 Sep 2025
- 2025EvaLearn: Quantifying the Learning Capability and Efficiency of LLMs via Sequential Problem Solving3 Jun 2025
- 2025WikiAutoGen: Towards Multi-Modal Wikipedia-Style Article Generation24 Mar 2025
- 2024Scaling of Search and Learning: A Roadmap to Reproduce o1 from Reinforcement Learning Perspective18 Dec 2024
- 2024A Survey of Calibration Process for Black-Box LLMs17 Dec 2024
- 2024SEED: Accelerating Reasoning Tree Construction via Scheduled Speculative Decoding26 Jun 2024
Similar, not cited
Close in wording, no citation either way
- 2025ReflCtrl: Controlling LLM Reflection Efficiently via Representation Engineering
- 2025The Mirror Loop: Recursive Non-Convergence in Generative Reasoning Systems
- 2025First Try Matters: Revisiting the Role of Reflection in Reasoning Models
- 2023Encouraging Divergent Thinking in Large Language Models through Multi-Agent Debate
- 2025Self-Reflective Planning with Knowledge Graphs: Enhancing LLM Reasoning Reliability for Question Answering
- 2025Reflective Confidence: Correcting Reasoning Flaws via Online Self-Correction
- 2026CORE: Contrastive Reflection Enables Rapid Improvements in Reasoning
- 2024TinyThinker: Distilling Reasoning through Coarse-to-Fine Knowledge Internalization with Self-Reflection