mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Reflective Confidence: Correcting Reasoning Flaws via Online Self-Correction

arXiv 2512.18605 ↗First posted 21 Dec 2025cs.AIcited by 1

On the map: LLM reasoning → Test-time compute and efficient thinking

Abstract (arXiv)

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved strong performance on complex reasoning tasks using techniques such as chain-of-thought and self-consistency. However, ensemble-based approaches, especially self-consistency which relies on multiple reasoning trajectories, often incur substantial computational overhead. To improve efficiency, prior work has leveraged internal confidence signals, where early stopping strategies such as DeepConf reduce cost by terminating low-confidence trajectories. However, this strategy discards incomplete reasoning paths and wastes partial computation. We propose reflective confidence, a novel reasoning framework that transforms low-confidence signals from termination indicators into reflection triggers. When confidence falls below a threshold, instead of stopping generation, the model produces a reflection prompt to analyze the current reasoning state, identify potential errors, and continue generation along a corrected trajectory. Experiments on mathematical reasoning benchmarks, including AIME 2025, demonstrate significant accuracy improvements over advanced early-stopping baselines at comparable computational cost, validating the effectiveness of proactive self-correction over passive discarding.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Test-time compute and efficient thinking, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 30 of its 31 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Dec 2025.

Builds on

30 of 31 references.

Closest ancestors · 6

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2025Deep Think with Confidence21 Aug
  2. 2025Scalable Best-of-N Selection for Large Language Models via Self-Certainty25 Feb
  3. 2023CRITIC: Large Language Models Can Self-Correct with Tool-Interactive Critiquing19 May
  4. 2023Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Models17 May
  5. 2023Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedback30 Mar
  6. 2022Language Models (Mostly) Know What They Know11 Jul

Other references · 24

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
  2. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
  3. 2025Qwen3 Technical Reportcited by 8,820
  4. 2022Self-Consistency Improves Chain of Thought Reasoning in Language Modelscited by 5,708
  5. 2023Reflexion: Language Agents with Verbal Reinforcement Learningcited by 4,276
  6. 2019The Curious Case of Neural Text Degenerationcited by 2,916
  7. 2023A Survey of Large Language Modelscited by 2,576
  8. 2022Least-to-Most Prompting Enables Complex Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 1,407
  9. 2022Confident Adaptive Language Modelingcited by 310
  10. 2024LLM Critics Help Catch LLM Bugscited by 147
  11. 2025CF-VLM:CounterFactual Vision-Language Fine-tuningcited by 59
  12. 2025GAM-Agent: Game-Theoretic and Uncertainty-Aware Collaboration for Complex Visual Reasoningcited by 58
12 more
  1. 2023RCOT: Detecting and Rectifying Factual Inconsistency in Reasoning by Reversing Chain-of-Thoughtcited by 47
  2. 2025KABB: Knowledge-Aware Bayesian Bandits for Dynamic Expert Coordination in Multi-Agent Systemscited by 37
  3. 2025MAT-Agent: Adaptive Multi-Agent Training Optimizationcited by 35
  4. 2025MM-CoT:A Benchmark for Probing Visual Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Multimodal Modelscited by 34
  5. 2025Failure-Driven Workflow Refinementcited by 20
  6. 2025Hybrid Token Compression for Vision-Language Modelscited by 20
  7. 2025Kolmogorov-Arnold Fourier Networkscited by 18
  8. 2025Learning Dynamics of VLM Finetuningcited by 17
  9. 2025Top-Down Semantic Refinement for Image Captioningcited by 16
  10. 2025Enhancing Mathematical Reasoning in Large Language Models with Self-Consistency-Based Hallucination Detectioncited by 13
  11. 2025Entropy-Based Block Pruning for Efficient Large Language Modelscited by 3
  12. 2025Weaker LLMs' Opinions Also Matter: Mixture of Opinions Enhances LLM's Mathematical Reasoningcited by 2

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2026: 1.

1 paper.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025ReflCtrl: Controlling LLM Reflection Efficiently via Representation Engineering
  2. 2025Thinking Out Loud: Do Reasoning Models Know When They're Right?
  3. 2026ReFlect: An Effective Harness System for Complex Long-Horizon LLM Reasoning
  4. 2026Reflective Recovery: A Self-Supervised Method for Reasoning by Learning from Mistakes
  5. 2025First Try Matters: Revisiting the Role of Reflection in Reasoning Models
  6. 2026Early Stopping for Large Reasoning Models via Confidence Dynamics
  7. 2025ConCISE: Confidence-guided Compression in Step-by-step Efficient Reasoning
  8. 2025Efficient Reasoning Through Suppression of Self-Affirmation Reflections in Large Reasoning Models