mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

ProPD: Dynamic Token Tree Pruning and Generation for LLM Parallel Decoding

arXiv 2402.13485 ↗First posted 21 Feb 2024cs.LG cs.CLcited by 12

On the map: Efficient LLM inference and serving → Speculative decoding

Abstract (arXiv)

Recent advancements in generative large language models (LLMs) have significantly boosted the performance in natural language processing tasks. However, their efficiency is hampered by the inherent limitations in autoregressive token generation. While parallel decoding with token tree verification, e.g., Medusa, has been proposed to improve decoding parallelism and efficiency, it often struggles with maintaining contextual relationships due to its independent token prediction approach and incurs significant verification overhead, especially with large tree sizes and batch processing. In this paper, we propose ProPD, an efficient LLM parallel decoding framework based on dynamic token tree pruning and generation. ProPD features an advanced early pruning mechanism to efficiently eliminate unpromising token sequences to improve verification efficiency. Additionally, it introduces a dynamic token tree generation algorithm to balance the computation and parallelism of the verification phase in real-time and maximize the overall efficiency across different batch sizes, sequence lengths, and tasks, etc. We verify ProPD across a diverse set of datasets, LLMs, and batch sizes and demonstrate ProPD consistently outperforms existing decoding algorithms by 1.1-3.2x.

Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Placed in Speculative decoding, one of 12 directions in Efficient LLM inference and serving. Builds on 14 of its 20 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 21 Feb 2024.

Builds on

14 of 20 references.

Closest ancestors · 5

Same direction, newest first

  1. 2023Fast and Robust Early-Exiting Framework for Autoregressive Language Models with Synchronized Parallel Decoding9 Oct
  2. 2023Accelerating LLM Inference with Staged Speculative Decoding8 Aug
  3. 2023Accelerating Transformer Inference for Translation via Parallel Decoding17 May
  4. 2023Accelerating Large Language Model Decoding with Speculative Sampling2 Feb
  5. 2022Fast Inference from Transformers via Speculative Decoding30 Nov

Other references · 9

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  2. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
  3. 2019Multi-News: a Large-Scale Multi-Document Summarization Dataset and Abstractive Hierarchical Modelcited by 431
  4. 2023How Good Are GPT Models at Machine Translation? A Comprehensive Evaluationcited by 344
  5. 2018Blockwise Parallel Decoding for Deep Autoregressive Modelscited by 318
  6. 2023Full Stack Optimization of Transformer Inference: a Surveycited by 79
  7. 2023LLMCad: Fast and Scalable On-device Large Language Model Inferencecited by 45
  8. 2021Conversational Question Answering: A Surveycited by 31
  9. 2023RecycleGPT: An Autoregressive Language Model with Recyclable Modulecited by 3

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 5; 2026: 3.

12 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2024Generation Meets Verification: Accelerating Large Language Model Inference with Smart Parallel Auto-Correct Decoding
  2. 2024Optimized Multi-Token Joint Decoding with Auxiliary Model for LLM Inference
  3. 2024Recursive Speculative Decoding: Accelerating LLM Inference via Sampling Without Replacement
  4. 2025PipeSpec: Breaking Stage Dependencies in Hierarchical LLM Decoding
  5. 2024Decoding at the Speed of Thought: Harnessing Parallel Decoding of Lexical Units for LLMs
  6. 2025TokenSwift: Lossless Acceleration of Ultra Long Sequence Generation
  7. 2024Hardware-Aware Parallel Prompt Decoding for Memory-Efficient Acceleration of LLM Inference
  8. 2025AdaDecode: Accelerating LLM Decoding with Adaptive Layer Parallelism