mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Evolving AI Collectives to Enhance Human Diversity and Enable Self-Regulation

arXiv 2402.12590 ↗First posted 19 Feb 2024cs.CL cs.CYcited by 13

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Abstract (arXiv)

Large language model behavior is shaped by the language of those with whom they interact. This capacity and their increasing prevalence online portend that they will intentionally or unintentionally "program" one another and form emergent AI subjectivities, relationships, and collectives. Here, we call upon the research community to investigate these "societies" of interacting artificial intelligences to increase their rewards and reduce their risks for human society and the health of online environments. We use a small "community" of models and their evolving outputs to illustrate how such emergent, decentralized AI collectives can spontaneously expand the bounds of human diversity and reduce the risk of toxic, anti-social behavior online. Finally, we discuss opportunities for AI cross-moderation and address ethical issues and design challenges associated with creating and maintaining free-formed AI collectives.

Key facts. Cited by 13 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 63 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Feb 2024.

Builds on

29 of 63 references.

References · 29

  1. 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,302
  2. 2023Generative Agents: Interactive Simulacra of Human Behaviorcited by 3,500
  3. 2023Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Modelscited by 3,155
  4. 2023Improving Factuality and Reasoning in Language Models through Multiagent Debatecited by 1,739
  5. 2023Encouraging Divergent Thinking in Large Language Models through Multi-Agent Debatecited by 995
  6. 2023Towards Understanding Sycophancy in Language Modelscited by 988
  7. 2022Out of One, Many: Using Language Models to Simulate Human Samplescited by 737
  8. 2023ChatEval: Towards Better LLM-based Evaluators through Multi-Agent Debatecited by 724
  9. 2022Transformers learn in-context by gradient descentcited by 714
  10. 2021Prompt Programming for Large Language Models: Beyond the Few-Shot Paradigmcited by 599
  11. 2024Hallucination is Inevitable: An Innate Limitation of Large Language Modelscited by 329
  12. 2023A Dynamic LLM-Powered Agent Network for Task-Oriented Agent Collaborationcited by 281
17 more
  1. 2023"Kelly is a Warm Person, Joseph is a Role Model": Gender Biases in LLM-Generated Reference Letterscited by 196
  2. 2023Theory of Mind for Multi-Agent Collaboration via Large Language Modelscited by 129
  3. 2023Generative agent-based modeling with actions grounded in physical, social, or digital space using Concordiacited by 119
  4. 2023PRD: Peer Rank and Discussion Improve Large Language Model based Evaluationscited by 114
  5. 2024Revolutionizing Finance with LLMs: An Overview of Applications and Insightscited by 88
  6. 2023How FaR Are Large Language Models From Agents with Theory-of-Mind?cited by 75
  7. 2023Simulating Social Media Using Large Language Models to Evaluate Alternative News Feed Algorithmscited by 64
  8. 2023LLM-Based Agent Society Investigation: Collaboration and Confrontation in Avalon Gameplaycited by 62
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  10. 2023Welfare Diplomacy: Benchmarking Language Model Cooperationcited by 43
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  13. 2023Balancing Autonomy and Alignment: A Multi-Dimensional Taxonomy for Autonomous LLM-powered Multi-Agent Architecturescited by 25
  14. 2023Emergence of Scale-Free Networks in Social Interactions among Large Language Modelscited by 20
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  16. 2017The Wisdom of Polarized Crowdscited by 9
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 7; 2026: 3.

13 papers.

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  1. 2025AgentSociety: Large-Scale Simulation of LLM-Driven Generative Agents Advances Understanding of Human Behaviors and Societycited by 180
  2. 2025How malicious AI swarms can threaten democracy: The fusion of agentic AI and LLMs marks a new frontier in information warfarecited by 20
  3. 2024When LLMs Play the Telephone Game: Cultural Attractors as Conceptual Tools to Evaluate LLMs in Multi-turn Settingscited by 17
  4. 2024Can Machines Think Like Humans? A Behavioral Evaluation of LLM Agents in Dictator Gamescited by 9
  5. 2025Safety Must Precede the Deployment of Open-Ended AIcited by 3
  6. 2026Evolving Interpretable Constitutions for Multi-Agent Coordinationcited by 3
  7. 2025Computational Multi-Agents Society Experiments: Social Modeling Framework Based on Generative Agentscited by 2
  8. 2025On the Dynamics of Multi-Agent LLM Communities Driven by Value Diversitycited by 2
  9. 2024In Silico Sociology: Forecasting COVID-19 Polarization with Large Language Modelscited by 1
  10. 2025Research Superalignment Should Advance Now with Alternating Competence and Conformity Optimizationcited by 1
  11. 2025Artificially intelligent agents in the social and behavioral sciences: A history and outlookcited by 0
  12. 2026Internal vs. External: Comparing Deliberation and Evolution for Multi-Agent Constitutional Designcited by 0
1 more
  1. 2026Self-Emergence Agent Architecture:Behavior-Inertia HMM, Reflexive Metacognition,and Social-Contrastive Self-Modelingcited by 0