mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

How Susceptible are Large Language Models to Ideological Manipulation?

arXiv 2402.11725 ↗First posted 18 Feb 2024cs.CL cs.CR cs.CYcited by 26

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess the potential to exert substantial influence on public perceptions and interactions with information. This raises concerns about the societal impact that could arise if the ideologies within these models can be easily manipulated. In this work, we investigate how effectively LLMs can learn and generalize ideological biases from their instruction-tuning data. Our findings reveal a concerning vulnerability: exposure to only a small amount of ideologically driven samples significantly alters the ideology of LLMs. Notably, LLMs demonstrate a startling ability to absorb ideology from one topic and generalize it to even unrelated ones. The ease with which LLMs' ideologies can be skewed underscores the risks associated with intentionally poisoned training data by malicious actors or inadvertently introduced biases by data annotators. It also emphasizes the imperative for robust safeguards to mitigate the influence of ideological manipulations on LLMs.

Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 28 of its 35 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 18 Feb 2024.

Builds on

28 of 35 references.

References · 28

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,132
  2. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,712
  3. 2023Llama 2: Open Foundation and Fine-Tuned Chat Modelscited by 12,865
  4. 2023Mistral 7Bcited by 3,065
  5. 2023Universal and Transferable Adversarial Attacks on Aligned Language Modelscited by 2,914
  6. 2022Self-Instruct: Aligning Language Models with Self-Generated Instructionscited by 2,674
  7. 2020Extracting Training Data from Large Language Modelscited by 2,144
  8. 2023Jailbroken: How Does LLM Safety Training Fail?cited by 1,565
  9. 2023Fine-tuning Aligned Language Models Compromises Safety, Even When Users Do Not Intend To!cited by 1,106
  10. 2022Discovering Language Model Behaviors with Model-Written Evaluationscited by 805
  11. 2022Ignore Previous Prompt: Attack Techniques For Language Modelscited by 760
  12. 2023Whose Opinions Do Language Models Reflect?cited by 759
16 more
  1. 2023AutoDAN: Generating Stealthy Jailbreak Prompts on Aligned Large Language Modelscited by 738
  2. 2023Catastrophic Jailbreak of Open-source LLMs via Exploiting Generationcited by 439
  3. 2023Towards Measuring the Representation of Subjective Global Opinions in Language Modelscited by 424
  4. 2023Scalable Extraction of Training Data from (Production) Language Modelscited by 415
  5. 2023Shadow Alignment: The Ease of Subverting Safely-Aligned Language Modelscited by 284
  6. 2023From Pretraining Data to Language Models to Downstream Tasks: Tracking the Trails of Political Biases Leading to Unfair NLP Modelscited by 257
  7. 2023Can Large Language Models Transform Computational Social Science?cited by 245
  8. 2023The political ideology of conversational AI: Converging evidence on ChatGPT's pro-environmental, left-libertarian orientationcited by 183
  9. 2023Backdooring Instruction-Tuned Large Language Models with Virtual Prompt Injectioncited by 143
  10. 2023On the Exploitability of Instruction Tuningcited by 110
  11. 2024Weak-to-Strong Jailbreaking on Large Language Modelscited by 100
  12. 2022BITE: Textual Backdoor Attacks with Iterative Trigger Injectioncited by 47
  13. 2022CommunityLM: Probing Partisan Worldviews from Language Modelscited by 36
  14. 2023Safer-Instruct: Aligning Language Models with Automated Preference Datacited by 27
  15. 2023Embedding Democratic Values into Social Media AIs via Societal Objective Functionscited by 25
  16. 2024Reading Between the Tweets: Deciphering Ideological Stances of Interconnected Mixed-Ideology Communitiescited by 7

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 16; 2026: 6.

26 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2025IssueBench: Millions of Realistic Prompts for Measuring Issue Bias in LLM Writing Assistancecited by 22
  2. 2025Synthetic Socratic Debates: Examining Persona Effects on Moral Decision and Persuasion Dynamicscited by 19
  3. 2024COMMUNITY-CROSS-INSTRUCT: Unsupervised Instruction Generation for Aligning Large Language Models to Online Communitiescited by 12
  4. 2025Persuasion at Play: Understanding Misinformation Dynamics in Demographic-Aware Human-LLM Interactionscited by 10
  5. 2025Detecting and Filtering Unsafe Training Data via Data Attribution with Denoised Representationcited by 9
  6. 2025A Systematic Review of Poisoning Attacks Against Large Language Modelscited by 8
  7. 2025Generative Exaggeration in LLM Social Agents: Consistency, Bias, and Toxicitycited by 8
  8. 2025STEER-BENCH: A Benchmark for Evaluating the Steerability of Large Language Modelscited by 6
  9. 2025Understanding and Mitigating Political Stance Cross-topic Generalization in Large Language Modelscited by 6
  10. 2024Engagement-Driven Content Generation with Large Language Modelscited by 5
  11. 2025Political Ideology Shifts in Large Language Modelscited by 5
  12. 2025Simulating Influence Dynamics with LLM Agentscited by 4
14 more
  1. 2024SubData: Bridging Heterogeneous Datasets to Enable Theory-Driven Evaluation of Political and Demographic Perspectives in LLMscited by 3
  2. 2025A Detailed Factor Analysis for the Political Compass Test: Navigating Ideologies of Large Language Modelscited by 3
  3. 2025PoliCon: Evaluating LLMs on Achieving Diverse Political Consensus Objectivescited by 2
  4. 2025Are LLMs (Really) Ideological? An IRT-based Analysis and Alignment Tool for Perceived Socio-Economic Bias in LLMscited by 1
  5. 2025Ideology-Based LLMs for Content Moderationcited by 1
  6. 2026The Impact of Ideological Discourses in RAG: A Case Study with COVID-19 Treatmentscited by 1
  7. 2026Innocuous-Seeming Data, Latent Ideology: Ideological Generalisation in Finetuned LLMscited by 1
  8. 2024Large Language Models Reveal Information Operation Goals, Tactics, and Narrative Framescited by 0
  9. 2025Probing the Subtle Ideological Manipulation of Large Language Modelscited by 0
  10. 2025The Hidden Bias: A Study on Explicit and Implicit Political Stereotypes in Large Language Modelscited by 0
  11. 2026Bioalignment: Measuring and Improving LLM Disposition Toward Biological Systems for AI Safetycited by 0
  12. 2026Language Ideologies in a Multilingual Society: An LLM-based Analysis of Luxembourgish News Commentscited by 0
  13. 2026How Temperature Shapes Ideological Discourse in Retrieval-Augmented Generation?cited by 0
  14. 2026How Identity and Opinion Shape Political Sycophancy in LLMscited by 0