mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Language Models as Science Tutors

arXiv 2402.11111 ↗First posted 16 Feb 2024cs.CLcited by 17

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Abstract (arXiv)

NLP has recently made exciting progress toward training language models (LMs) with strong scientific problem-solving skills. However, model development has not focused on real-life use-cases of LMs for science, including applications in education that require processing long scientific documents. To address this, we introduce TutorEval and TutorChat. TutorEval is a diverse question-answering benchmark consisting of questions about long chapters from STEM textbooks, written by experts. TutorEval helps measure real-life usability of LMs as scientific assistants, and it is the first benchmark combining long contexts, free-form generation, and multi-disciplinary scientific knowledge. Moreover, we show that fine-tuning base models with existing dialogue datasets leads to poor performance on TutorEval. Therefore, we create TutorChat, a dataset of 80,000 long synthetic dialogues about textbooks. We use TutorChat to fine-tune Llemma models with 7B and 34B parameters. These LM tutors specialized in math have a 32K-token context window, and they excel at TutorEval while performing strongly on GSM8K and MATH. Our datasets build on open-source materials, and we release our models, data, and evaluations.

Key facts. Cited by 17 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 36 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Feb 2024.

Builds on

36 of 50 references.

References · 36

  1. 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
  2. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,199
  3. 2021Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problemscited by 9,743
  4. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,393
  5. 2021Evaluating Large Language Models Trained on Codecited by 8,053
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  8. 2018Think you have Solved Question Answering? Try ARC, the AI2 Reasoning Challengecited by 4,710
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  10. 2019HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?cited by 4,018
  11. 2022FlashAttention: Fast and Memory-Efficient Exact Attention with IO-Awarenesscited by 3,611
  12. 2021Program Synthesis with Large Language Modelscited by 3,509
24 more
  1. 2023Mistral 7Bcited by 3,065
  2. 2019PIQA: Reasoning about Physical Commonsense in Natural Languagecited by 2,818
  3. 2023FlashAttention-2: Faster Attention with Better Parallelism and Work Partitioningcited by 2,551
  4. 2019BoolQ: Exploring the Surprising Difficulty of Natural Yes/No Questionscited by 2,140
  5. 2023Code Llama: Open Foundation Models for Codecited by 2,105
  6. 2022Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems with Language Modelscited by 1,359
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  20. 2023SciBench: Evaluating College-Level Scientific Problem-Solving Abilities of Large Language Modelscited by 246
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  22. 2023MathDial: A Dialogue Tutoring Dataset with Rich Pedagogical Properties Grounded in Math Reasoning Problemscited by 128
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 5; 2025: 8; 2026: 4.

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  1. 2024How to Train Long-Context Language Models (Effectively)cited by 141
  2. 2024MAP-Neo: Highly Capable and Transparent Bilingual Large Language Model Seriescited by 67
  3. 2024CiteME: Can Language Models Accurately Cite Scientific Claims?cited by 45
  4. 2025The Open Proof Corpus: A Large-Scale Study of LLM-Generated Mathematical Proofscited by 27
  5. 2024Automated Text Scoring in the Age of Generative AI for the GPU-poorcited by 10
  6. 2025PowerAttention: Exponentially Scaling of Receptive Fields for Effective Sparse Attentioncited by 8
  7. 2025Discerning minds or generic tutors? Evaluating instructional guidance capabilities in Socratic LLMscited by 5
  8. 2025When Models Know More Than They Can Explain: Quantifying Knowledge Transfer in Human-AI Collaborationcited by 4
  9. 2025Explain with Visual Keypoints Like a Real Mentor! A Benchmark for Multimodal Solution Explanationcited by 3
  10. 2024Closing the Loop: Learning to Generate Writing Feedback via Language Model Simulated Student Revisionscited by 1
  11. 2025AI University: An LLM-Powered Learning Assistant for Engineering---A Finite Element Method Case Studycited by 1
  12. 2025Pedagogy-R1: Pedagogically-Aligned Reasoning Model with Balanced Educational Benchmarkcited by 1
5 more
  1. 2026Key-Value Means: Transformers with Expandable Block-Recurrent Compressed Memorycited by 1
  2. 2025Is your multimodal large language model a good science tutor?cited by 0
  3. 2026Towards Generalization of Block Attention via Automatic Segmentation and Block Distillationcited by 0
  4. 2026LessonBench-V1: A Benchmark Dataset for Evaluating AI Lesson Generation Agentscited by 0
  5. 2026How Local Mixing Encodes Relative Position in Global NoPE Attentioncited by 0