mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

When LLMs Meet Cunning Texts: A Fallacy Understanding Benchmark for Large Language Models

arXiv 2402.11100 ↗First posted 16 Feb 2024cs.CLcited by 22

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Abstract (arXiv)

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) make remarkable evolutions in language understanding and generation. Following this, various benchmarks for measuring all kinds of capabilities of LLMs have sprung up. In this paper, we challenge the reasoning and understanding abilities of LLMs by proposing a FaLlacy Understanding Benchmark (FLUB) containing cunning texts that are easy for humans to understand but difficult for models to grasp. Specifically, the cunning texts that FLUB focuses on mainly consist of the tricky, humorous, and misleading texts collected from the real internet environment. And we design three tasks with increasing difficulty in the FLUB benchmark to evaluate the fallacy understanding ability of LLMs. Based on FLUB, we investigate the performance of multiple representative and advanced LLMs, reflecting our FLUB is challenging and worthy of more future study. Interesting discoveries and valuable insights are achieved in our extensive experiments and detailed analyses. We hope that our benchmark can encourage the community to improve LLMs' ability to understand fallacies. Our data and codes are available at https://github.com/THUKElab/FLUB.

Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 30 of its 64 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 16 Feb 2024.

Builds on

30 of 64 references.

References · 30

  1. 2023GPT-4 Technical Reportcited by 18,396
  2. 2023Judging LLM-as-a-Judge with MT-Bench and Chatbot Arenacited by 8,626
  3. 2019HellaSwag: Can a Machine Really Finish Your Sentence?cited by 4,100
  4. 2023Qwen Technical Reportcited by 3,344
  5. 2021TruthfulQA: Measuring How Models Mimic Human Falsehoodscited by 2,975
  6. 2019PIQA: Reasoning about Physical Commonsense in Natural Languagecited by 2,883
  7. 2018CommonsenseQA: A Question Answering Challenge Targeting Commonsense Knowledgecited by 1,822
  8. 2023A Survey on Evaluation of Large Language Modelscited by 1,242
  9. 2021GLM: General Language Model Pretraining with Autoregressive Blank Infillingcited by 1,031
  10. 2023A Multitask, Multilingual, Multimodal Evaluation of ChatGPT on Reasoning, Hallucination, and Interactivitycited by 894
  11. 2023Baichuan 2: Open Large-scale Language Modelscited by 670
  12. 2023FreshLLMs: Refreshing Large Language Models with Search Engine Augmentationcited by 318
18 more
  1. 2020Retrieve, Program, Repeat: Complex Knowledge Base Question Answering via Alternate Meta-learningcited by 216
  2. 2023Evaluating the Logical Reasoning Ability of ChatGPT and GPT-4cited by 202
  3. 2023Evaluating Large Language Models: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 202
  4. 2019"Going on a vacation" takes longer than "Going for a walk": A Study of Temporal Commonsense Understandingcited by 123
  5. 2022Do Androids Laugh at Electric Sheep? Humor "Understanding" Benchmarks from The New Yorker Caption Contestcited by 98
  6. 2021Are we ready for a new paradigm shift? A Survey on Visual Deep MLPcited by 63
  7. 2023ChatGPT is a Knowledgeable but Inexperienced Solver: An Investigation of Commonsense Problem in Large Language Modelscited by 63
  8. 2022The Past Mistake is the Future Wisdom: Error-driven Contrastive Probability Optimization for Chinese Spell Checkingcited by 56
  9. 2023On the (In)Effectiveness of Large Language Models for Chinese Text Correctioncited by 54
  10. 2021From LSAT: The Progress and Challenges of Complex Reasoningcited by 43
  11. 2023LatEval: An Interactive LLMs Evaluation Benchmark with Incomplete Information from Lateral Thinking Puzzlescited by 41
  12. 2020ConjNLI: Natural Language Inference Over Conjunctive Sentencescited by 27
  13. 2022Linguistic Rules-Based Corpus Generation for Native Chinese Grammatical Error Correctioncited by 25
  14. 2020Natural Language Inference in Context -- Investigating Contextual Reasoning over Long Textscited by 23
  15. 2023Towards Real-World Writing Assistance: A Chinese Character Checking Benchmark with Faked and Misspelled Characterscited by 22
  16. 2023SeqGPT: An Out-of-the-box Large Language Model for Open Domain Sequence Understandingcited by 18
  17. 2023MESED: A Multi-modal Entity Set Expansion Dataset with Fine-grained Semantic Classes and Hard Negative Entitiescited by 13
  18. 2022Towards Attribute-Entangled Controllable Text Generation: A Pilot Study of Blessing Generationcited by 4

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 9; 2025: 10; 2026: 3.

22 papers.

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  1. 2024TableBench: A Comprehensive and Complex Benchmark for Table Question Answeringcited by 128
  2. 2025Table-R1: Region-based Reinforcement Learning for Table Understandingcited by 37
  3. 2025Limitations of Large Language Models in Clinical Problem-Solving Arising from Inflexible Reasoningcited by 31
  4. 2024Let LLMs Take on the Latest Challenges! A Chinese Dynamic Question Answering Benchmarkcited by 22
  5. 2025Orion-MSP: Multi-Scale Sparse Attention for Tabular In-Context Learningcited by 19
  6. 2025ThinkBench: Dynamic Out-of-Distribution Evaluation for Robust LLM Reasoningcited by 17
  7. 2025Refine Knowledge of Large Language Models via Adaptive Contrastive Learningcited by 15
  8. 2025Orion-Bix: Bi-Axial Attention for Tabular In-Context Learningcited by 10
  9. 2024Rethinking the Roles of Large Language Models in Chinese Grammatical Error Correctioncited by 9
  10. 2025AdmTree: Compressing Lengthy Context with Adaptive Semantic Treescited by 8
  11. 2025Loki's Dance of Illusions: A Comprehensive Survey of Hallucination in Large Language Modelscited by 7
  12. 2026Cognitive Mismatch in Multimodal Large Language Models for Discrete Symbol Understandingcited by 7
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  1. 2024Baichuan Alignment Technical Reportcited by 6
  2. 2025TaTToo: Tool-Grounded Thinking PRM for Test-Time Scaling in Tabular Reasoningcited by 5
  3. 2025CSPO: Cross-Market Synergistic Stock Price Movement Forecasting with Pseudo-volatility Optimizationcited by 4
  4. 2024Raw Text is All you Need: Knowledge-intensive Multi-turn Instruction Tuning for Large Language Modelcited by 3
  5. 2024Exploring the Implicit Semantic Ability of Multimodal Large Language Models: A Pilot Study on Entity Set Expansioncited by 3
  6. 2024Loss-Aware Curriculum Learning for Chinese Grammatical Error Correctioncited by 3
  7. 2024ELOQ: Resources for Enhancing LLM Detection of Out-of-Scope Questionscited by 2
  8. 2024Can a Hallucinating Model help in Reducing Human "Hallucination"?cited by 0
  9. 2026Advances in LLM Reasoning Enable Flexibility in Clinical Problem-Solvingcited by 0
  10. 2026Towards High-Level Semantic Intelligencecited by 0