mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Chain-of-Layer: Iteratively Prompting Large Language Models for Taxonomy Induction from Limited Examples

arXiv 2402.07386 ↗First posted 12 Feb 2024cs.CLcited by 24

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Abstract (arXiv)

Automatic taxonomy induction is crucial for web search, recommendation systems, and question answering. Manual curation of taxonomies is expensive in terms of human effort, making automatic taxonomy construction highly desirable. In this work, we introduce Chain-of-Layer which is an in-context learning framework designed to induct taxonomies from a given set of entities. Chain-of-Layer breaks down the task into selecting relevant candidate entities in each layer and gradually building the taxonomy from top to bottom. To minimize errors, we introduce the Ensemble-based Ranking Filter to reduce the hallucinated content generated at each iteration. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that Chain-of-Layer achieves state-of-the-art performance on four real-world benchmarks.

Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 18 of its 41 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 12 Feb 2024.

Builds on

18 of 41 references.

References · 18

  1. 2022Training language models to follow instructions with human feedbackcited by 15,971
  2. 2020Measuring Massive Multitask Language Understandingcited by 7,963
  3. 2022Survey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generationcited by 2,075
  4. 2019Language Models as Knowledge Bases?cited by 1,936
  5. 2019SciBERT: A Pretrained Language Model for Scientific Textcited by 1,414
  6. 2021Time-Aware Language Models as Temporal Knowledge Basescited by 296
  7. 2021Generated Knowledge Prompting for Commonsense Reasoningcited by 214
  8. 2023Large Language Models for Generative Information Extraction: A Surveycited by 185
  9. 2021Universal Representation Learning of Knowledge Bases by Jointly Embedding Instances and Ontological Conceptscited by 37
  10. 2020TXtract: Taxonomy-Aware Knowledge Extraction for Thousands of Product Categoriescited by 29
  11. 2016Improving Hypernymy Detection with an Integrated Path-based and Distributional Methodcited by 27
  12. 2019SetExpan: Corpus-Based Set Expansion via Context Feature Selection and Rank Ensemblecited by 25
6 more
  1. 2020Constructing Taxonomies from Pretrained Language Modelscited by 21
  2. 2021OntoEA: Ontology-guided Entity Alignment via Joint Knowledge Graph Embeddingcited by 19
  3. 2023Prompting or Fine-tuning? A Comparative Study of Large Language Models for Taxonomy Constructioncited by 18
  4. 2018End-to-End Reinforcement Learning for Automatic Taxonomy Inductioncited by 17
  5. 2022Distilling Hypernymy Relations from Language Models: On the Effectiveness of Zero-Shot Taxonomy Inductioncited by 8
  6. 2023RaTE: a Reproducible automatic Taxonomy Evaluation by Filling the Gapcited by 4

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 6; 2026: 14.

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  1. 2024Beyond Chain-of-Thought: A Survey of Chain-of-X Paradigms for LLMscited by 48
  2. 2025TaxoAdapt: Aligning LLM-Based Multidimensional Taxonomy Construction to Evolving Research Corporacited by 23
  3. 2024A Unified Taxonomy-Guided Instruction Tuning Framework for Entity Set Expansion and Taxonomy Expansioncited by 8
  4. 2025From Papers to Panoramas: Building Hierarchies of Scientific Literature at Scalecited by 8
  5. 2024Hierarchical Selective Classificationcited by 7
  6. 2024Refining Wikidata Taxonomy using Large Language Modelscited by 5
  7. 2025Rank, Chunk and Expand: Lineage-Oriented Reasoning for Taxonomy Expansioncited by 5
  8. 2025Beyond True or False: Retrieval-Augmented Hierarchical Analysis of Nuanced Claimscited by 3
  9. 2025Building Data-Driven Occupation Taxonomies: A Bottom-Up Multi-Stage Approach via Semantic Clustering and Multi-Agent Collaborationcited by 3
  10. 2025Taxonomy Inference for Tabular Data Using Large Language Modelscited by 2
  11. 2026Hierarchical Concept Embedding & Pursuit for Interpretable Image Classificationcited by 1
  12. 2026EvoTaxo: Building and Evolving Taxonomy from Social Media Streamscited by 1
12 more
  1. 2026Do Sparse Autoencoders Learn Meaningful Concept Hierarchies?cited by 1
  2. 2026BoostTaxo: Zero-Shot Taxonomy Induction via Boosting-Style Agentic Reasoning and Constraint-Aware Calibrationcited by 0
  3. 2026Building a Custom Taxonomy of AI Skills and Tasks from the Ground Up with Job Postingscited by 0
  4. 2026ATLAS: Agentic Taxonomy of Large-Scale Software Ecosystemscited by 0
  5. 2026CORTEX: High-Quality Cross-Domain Organization of Web-Scale Corpora through Ontological Corpus Graphcited by 0
  6. 2026AskChem: Claim-Centered Infrastructure for Chemistry Literature Synthesiscited by 0
  7. 2026An Agentic Hybrid Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approach to Knowledge Graph Generationcited by 0
  8. 2026Security and Privacy Taxonomy Generation from Mobile App Reviewscited by 0
  9. 2026ReLTEx: Reliable LLM-based Taxonomy Expansioncited by 0
  10. 2026EviMap: Evidence-Grounded Hierarchical Topic Maps for Exploring Unlabeled Corporacited by 0
  11. 2026SPARROW: Scalable Taxonomy Induction via Structure-Preserving Partitioning and Constraint-Guided Mergingcited by 0
  12. 2026TACTICS: Taxonomy-Aware Intelligent Corpus Sampling for Machine Translationcited by 0