Understanding the Effects of Iterative Prompting on Truthfulness
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Abstract (arXiv)
The development of Large Language Models (LLMs) has notably transformed numerous sectors, offering impressive text generation capabilities. Yet, the reliability and truthfulness of these models remain pressing concerns. To this end, we investigate iterative prompting, a strategy hypothesized to refine LLM responses, assessing its impact on LLM truthfulness, an area which has not been thoroughly explored. Our extensive experiments delve into the intricacies of iterative prompting variants, examining their influence on the accuracy and calibration of model responses. Our findings reveal that naive prompting methods significantly undermine truthfulness, leading to exacerbated calibration errors. In response to these challenges, we introduce several prompting variants designed to address the identified issues. These variants demonstrate marked improvements over existing baselines, signaling a promising direction for future research. Our work provides a nuanced understanding of iterative prompting and introduces novel approaches to enhance the truthfulness of LLMs, thereby contributing to the development of more accurate and trustworthy AI systems.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 39 of its 49 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Feb 2024.
Builds on
39 of 49 references.
References · 39
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- 2022Chain-of-Thought Prompting Elicits Reasoning in Large Language Modelscited by 12,459
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- 2022Large Language Models are Zero-Shot Reasonerscited by 4,374
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- 2023Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedbackcited by 3,442
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- 2023BloombergGPT: A Large Language Model for Financecited by 939
- 2023Quantifying Language Models' Sensitivity to Spurious Features in Prompt Design or: How I learned to start worrying about prompt formattingcited by 817
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 5; 2025: 5; 2026: 4.
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2 more
- 2024Operationalizing a Threat Model for Red-Teaming Large Language Models (LLMs)20 Jul 2024
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- 2024Iteration of Thought: Leveraging Inner Dialogue for Autonomous Large Language Model Reasoningcited by 16
- 2025Adaptive Graph of Thoughts: Test-Time Adaptive Reasoning Unifying Chain, Tree, and Graph Structurescited by 16
- 2025A Survey of Scaling in Large Language Model Reasoningcited by 10
- 2025A Survey of Scaling in Large Language Model Reasoning2 Apr 2025
- 2025Adaptive Graph of Thoughts: Test-Time Adaptive Reasoning Unifying Chain, Tree, and Graph Structures7 Feb 2025
- 2024Fact, Fetch, and Reason: A Unified Evaluation of Retrieval-Augmented Generation19 Sep 2024
- 2024Iteration of Thought: Leveraging Inner Dialogue for Autonomous Large Language Model Reasoning19 Sep 2024
- 2025AI Agent Behavioral Sciencecited by 6
- 2025AI Agent Behavioral Science4 Jun 2025
- 2024To Believe or Not to Believe Your LLMcited by 120
- 2025Challenging the Evaluator: LLM Sycophancy Under User Rebuttalcited by 18
- 2024Exploring Prompt Engineering: A Systematic Review with SWOT Analysiscited by 5
- 2025Another Turn, Better Output? A Turn-Wise Analysis of Iterative LLM Promptingcited by 3
- 2026Routing, Cascades, and User Choice for LLMscited by 2
- 2026Prompt Engineering for Scale Development in Generative Psychometricscited by 1
- 2026Automatic Model Card Generation Using an LLMcited by 0
- 2026Automatic Model Card Generation Using an LLM25 Aug 2026
- 2026Prompt Engineering for Scale Development in Generative Psychometrics16 Mar 2026
- 2026Routing, Cascades, and User Choice for LLMs10 Feb 2026
- 2025Challenging the Evaluator: LLM Sycophancy Under User Rebuttal20 Sep 2025
- 2025Another Turn, Better Output? A Turn-Wise Analysis of Iterative LLM Prompting8 Sep 2025
- 2024Exploring Prompt Engineering: A Systematic Review with SWOT Analysis9 Oct 2024
- 2024To Believe or Not to Believe Your LLM4 Jun 2024