MLAAD: The Multi-Language Audio Anti-Spoofing Dataset
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper presents the Multi-Language Audio Anti-Spoofing Dataset (MLAAD), version 11: a dataset of synthetic audio to train and evaluate audio deepfake detection models. It features 205 Text-to-Speech (TTS) models, comprising a total of 1153.6 hours of synthetic voice in 54 different languages. To evaluate this dataset, we train three state-of-the-art deepfake detection models with MLAAD and observe that it demonstrates superior performance to comparable datasets like InTheWild and FakeOrReal when used as a training resource. Moreover, compared to the renowned ASVspoof 2019 dataset, MLAAD proves to be a complementary resource. In tests across eight datasets, MLAAD and ASVspoof 2019 alternately outperformed each other, each excelling on four datasets. By publishing the dataset and making a trained model accessible via an interactive webserver, we aim to democratize anti-spoofing technology, making it accessible beyond the realm of specialists, and contributing to global efforts against audio spoofing and deepfakes.
Key facts. Cited by 55 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 17 Jan 2024.
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 14; 2025: 17; 2026: 24.
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- 2024The Codecfake Dataset and Countermeasures for the Universally Detection of Deepfake Audiocited by 31
- 2024Circumventing shortcuts in audio-visual deepfake detection datasets with unsupervised learningcited by 23
- 2024SpoofCeleb: Speech Deepfake Detection and SASV In The Wildcited by 22
- 2024DFADD: The Diffusion and Flow-Matching Based Audio Deepfake Datasetcited by 20
- 2025Nes2Net: A Lightweight Nested Architecture for Foundation Model Driven Speech Anti-spoofingcited by 17
- 2024Where are we in audio deepfake detection? A systematic analysis over generative and detection modelscited by 11
- 2024How Do Neural Spoofing Countermeasures Detect Partially Spoofed Audio?cited by 10
- 2024Deepfake Media Generation and Detection in the Generative AI Era: A Survey and Outlookcited by 10
- 2024Harder or Different? Understanding Generalization of Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 9
- 2024SLIM: Style-Linguistics Mismatch Model for Generalized Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 8
- 2025Multilingual Source Tracing of Speech Deepfakes: A First Benchmarkcited by 7
- 2025STOPA: A Database of Systematic VariaTion Of DeePfake Audio for Open-Set Source Tracing and Attributioncited by 6
38 more
- 2025Unveiling Audio Deepfake Origins: A Deep Metric learning And Conformer Network Approach With Ensemble Fusioncited by 5
- 2025SCDF: A Speaker Characteristics DeepFake Speech Dataset for Bias Analysiscited by 5
- 2024Passive Deepfake Detection Across Multi-modalities: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 4
- 2025Anomaly Detection and Localization for Speech Deepfakes via Feature Pyramid Matchingcited by 4
- 2025Synthetic Speech Source Tracing using Metric Learningcited by 4
- 2026Do Compact SSL Backbones Matter for Audio Deepfake Detection? A Controlled Study with RAPTORcited by 4
- 2024Phoneme-Level Feature Discrepancies: A Key to Detecting Sophisticated Speech Deepfakescited by 3
- 2025Bona fide Cross Testing Reveals Weak Spot in Audio Deepfake Detection Systemscited by 3
- 2025Improving Out-of-Domain Audio Deepfake Detection via Layer Selection and Fusion of SSL-Based Countermeasurescited by 3
- 2024Gen-AI for User Safety: A Surveycited by 2
- 2025Attention-based Mixture of Experts for Robust Speech Deepfake Detectioncited by 2
- 2025AUDDT: A Unified Benchmark Toolkit for Audio and Speech Deepfake Detectorscited by 2
- 2024Temporal Variability and Multi-Viewed Self-Supervised Representations to Tackle the ASVspoof5 Deepfake Challengecited by 1
- 2025DeePen: Penetration Testing for Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 1
- 2025XMAD-Bench: Cross-Domain Multilingual Audio Deepfake Benchmarkcited by 1
- 2026Disentangling Speaker Traits for Deepfake Source Verification via Chebyshev Polynomial and Riemannian Metric Learningcited by 1
- 2026Alethia: A Foundational Encoder for Voice Deepfakescited by 1
- 2026Open-Set Source Tracing as Compositional Factors via Structured Prototypescited by 1
- 2026Teffic-Audio: Tell Fact from Fictioncited by 1
- 2026REIMU: Efficient Heterogeneous Hierarchical Reasoning for SSL-Based Speech Deepfake Detectioncited by 1
- 2026Language Orthogonalization for Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 1
- 2024A New Approach to Voice Authenticitycited by 0
- 2025Whilter: A Whisper-based Data Filter for "In-the-Wild" Speech Corpora Using Utterance-level Multi-Task Classificationcited by 0
- 2025Multilingual Dataset Integration Strategies for Robust Audio Deepfake Detection: A SAFE Challenge Systemcited by 0
- 2025Generalizable Audio Spoofing Detection using Non-Semantic Representationscited by 0
- 2025ArFake: A Robust Framework for Multi-Dialect Arabic Speech Spoofing Detection Benchmarkcited by 0
- 2026A SUPERB-Style Benchmark of Self-Supervised Speech Models for Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Probabilistic Verification of Voice Anti-Spoofing Modelscited by 0
- 2026What Counts as Real? Speech Restoration and Voice Quality Conversion Pose New Challenges to Deepfake Detectioncited by 0
- 2026ICLAD: In-Context Learning with Comparison-Guidance for Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 0
- 2026Eroding Trust in Real Speech: A Large-Scale Study of Human Audio Deepfake Perceptioncited by 0
- 2026A Comparison of SSL-Based Feature Extractors and Back-End Classifiers for Spoofing Detection: A Multi-Corpus Training and Cross-Linguistic Analysiscited by 0
- 2026Ethical and Technical Limits of Deepfake Speech Datasetscited by 0
- 2026From Self-Supervised Speech Models to Mixture-of-Experts for Robust Anti-Spoofingcited by 0
- 2026FlowFake: Liquid Networks for Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 0
- 2026What Do Deepfake Benchmarks Measure? An Audit Using Frozen Self-Supervised Representationscited by 0
- 2026Proteus: Automated Adversarial Robustness Testing for Audio Deepfake Detectorscited by 0
- 2026Detecting Audio Deepfakes on the Edge:Lightweight SSL-Based Detection in a Browser Plugincited by 0
50 most cited of 55 All 55 (JSON)
- 2026On Evaluating Quantum Kernel Robustness for Low-Resource Cross-Corpus Audio Deepfake Detection30 Sep 2026
- 2026CoReLoop: Parameter-Efficient Controlled Recurrent Refinement for Audio Deepfake Detection17 Sep 2026
- 2026Language Orthogonalization for Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Audio Deepfake Detection15 Sep 2026
- 2026Clean Accuracy Does Not Guarantee Provenance Robustness: A Prospective Codec-Stress Evaluation of Audio Attribution7 Sep 2026
- 2026Trajectory Dynamics in Self-Supervised Learning Latent Space for Audio Deepfake Detection13 Aug 2026
- 2026REIMU: Efficient Heterogeneous Hierarchical Reasoning for SSL-Based Speech Deepfake Detection1 Aug 2026
- 2026Teffic-Audio: Tell Fact from Fiction30 Jul 2026
- 2026VoxENES 2026: Benchmarking Generalization of Speech Spoofing Detectors Against LLM-Era TTS and Voice Conversion13 Jul 2026
- 2026Open-Set Source Tracing as Compositional Factors via Structured Prototypes3 Jul 2026
- 2026Detecting Audio Deepfakes on the Edge:Lightweight SSL-Based Detection in a Browser Plugin29 Jun 2026
- 2026Proteus: Automated Adversarial Robustness Testing for Audio Deepfake Detectors28 Jun 2026
- 2026What Do Deepfake Benchmarks Measure? An Audit Using Frozen Self-Supervised Representations24 Jun 2026
38 more
- 2026FlowFake: Liquid Networks for Audio Deepfake Detection17 Jun 2026
- 2026From Self-Supervised Speech Models to Mixture-of-Experts for Robust Anti-Spoofing12 Jun 2026
- 2026Ethical and Technical Limits of Deepfake Speech Datasets9 Jun 2026
- 2026A Comparison of SSL-Based Feature Extractors and Back-End Classifiers for Spoofing Detection: A Multi-Corpus Training and Cross-Linguistic Analysis7 Jun 2026
- 2026Eroding Trust in Real Speech: A Large-Scale Study of Human Audio Deepfake Perception21 May 2026
- 2026Alethia: A Foundational Encoder for Voice Deepfakes30 Apr 2026
- 2026ICLAD: In-Context Learning with Comparison-Guidance for Audio Deepfake Detection17 Apr 2026
- 2026Disentangling Speaker Traits for Deepfake Source Verification via Chebyshev Polynomial and Riemannian Metric Learning23 Mar 2026
- 2026What Counts as Real? Speech Restoration and Voice Quality Conversion Pose New Challenges to Deepfake Detection14 Mar 2026
- 2026Probabilistic Verification of Voice Anti-Spoofing Models11 Mar 2026
- 2026Do Compact SSL Backbones Matter for Audio Deepfake Detection? A Controlled Study with RAPTOR6 Mar 2026
- 2026A SUPERB-Style Benchmark of Self-Supervised Speech Models for Audio Deepfake Detection2 Mar 2026
- 2025ArFake: A Robust Framework for Multi-Dialect Arabic Speech Spoofing Detection Benchmark26 Sep 2025
- 2025AUDDT: A Unified Benchmark Toolkit for Audio and Speech Deepfake Detectors25 Sep 2025
- 2025Attention-based Mixture of Experts for Robust Speech Deepfake Detection22 Sep 2025
- 2025Improving Out-of-Domain Audio Deepfake Detection via Layer Selection and Fusion of SSL-Based Countermeasures15 Sep 2025
- 2025Bona fide Cross Testing Reveals Weak Spot in Audio Deepfake Detection Systems11 Sep 2025
- 2025Generalizable Audio Spoofing Detection using Non-Semantic Representations29 Aug 2025
- 2025Multilingual Dataset Integration Strategies for Robust Audio Deepfake Detection: A SAFE Challenge System28 Aug 2025
- 2025SCDF: A Speaker Characteristics DeepFake Speech Dataset for Bias Analysis11 Aug 2025
- 2025Multilingual Source Tracing of Speech Deepfakes: A First Benchmark6 Aug 2025
- 2025Whilter: A Whisper-based Data Filter for "In-the-Wild" Speech Corpora Using Utterance-level Multi-Task Classification29 Jul 2025
- 2025Synthetic Speech Source Tracing using Metric Learning3 Jun 2025
- 2025Unveiling Audio Deepfake Origins: A Deep Metric learning And Conformer Network Approach With Ensemble Fusion2 Jun 2025
- 2025XMAD-Bench: Cross-Domain Multilingual Audio Deepfake Benchmark31 May 2025
- 2025STOPA: A Database of Systematic VariaTion Of DeePfake Audio for Open-Set Source Tracing and Attribution26 May 2025
- 2025Nes2Net: A Lightweight Nested Architecture for Foundation Model Driven Speech Anti-spoofing8 Apr 2025
- 2025Anomaly Detection and Localization for Speech Deepfakes via Feature Pyramid Matching23 Mar 2025
- 2025DeePen: Penetration Testing for Audio Deepfake Detection27 Feb 2025
- 2024Phoneme-Level Feature Discrepancies: A Key to Detecting Sophisticated Speech Deepfakes17 Dec 2024
- 2024Circumventing shortcuts in audio-visual deepfake detection datasets with unsupervised learning29 Nov 2024
- 2024Deepfake Media Generation and Detection in the Generative AI Era: A Survey and Outlook29 Nov 2024
- 2024Passive Deepfake Detection Across Multi-modalities: A Comprehensive Survey26 Nov 2024
- 2024Gen-AI for User Safety: A Survey10 Nov 2024
- 2024Where are we in audio deepfake detection? A systematic analysis over generative and detection models6 Oct 2024
- 2024SpoofCeleb: Speech Deepfake Detection and SASV In The Wild18 Sep 2024
- 2024DFADD: The Diffusion and Flow-Matching Based Audio Deepfake Dataset13 Sep 2024
- 2024Temporal Variability and Multi-Viewed Self-Supervised Representations to Tackle the ASVspoof5 Deepfake Challenge13 Aug 2024
50 newest of 55 All 55 (JSON)
- 2024The Codecfake Dataset and Countermeasures for the Universally Detection of Deepfake Audiocited by 31
- 2024Circumventing shortcuts in audio-visual deepfake detection datasets with unsupervised learningcited by 23
- 2024SpoofCeleb: Speech Deepfake Detection and SASV In The Wildcited by 22
- 2025Nes2Net: A Lightweight Nested Architecture for Foundation Model Driven Speech Anti-spoofingcited by 17
- 2024Where are we in audio deepfake detection? A systematic analysis over generative and detection modelscited by 11
- 2024How Do Neural Spoofing Countermeasures Detect Partially Spoofed Audio?cited by 10
- 2024Deepfake Media Generation and Detection in the Generative AI Era: A Survey and Outlookcited by 10
- 2024Harder or Different? Understanding Generalization of Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 9
- 2024SLIM: Style-Linguistics Mismatch Model for Generalized Audio Deepfake Detectioncited by 8
- 2025Multilingual Source Tracing of Speech Deepfakes: A First Benchmarkcited by 7
- 2025STOPA: A Database of Systematic VariaTion Of DeePfake Audio for Open-Set Source Tracing and Attributioncited by 6
- 2025Unveiling Audio Deepfake Origins: A Deep Metric learning And Conformer Network Approach With Ensemble Fusioncited by 5
12 most cited of 52 All 52 (JSON)
- 2026On Evaluating Quantum Kernel Robustness for Low-Resource Cross-Corpus Audio Deepfake Detection30 Sep 2026
- 2026CoReLoop: Parameter-Efficient Controlled Recurrent Refinement for Audio Deepfake Detection17 Sep 2026
- 2026Language Orthogonalization for Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Audio Deepfake Detection15 Sep 2026
- 2026Clean Accuracy Does Not Guarantee Provenance Robustness: A Prospective Codec-Stress Evaluation of Audio Attribution7 Sep 2026
- 2026Trajectory Dynamics in Self-Supervised Learning Latent Space for Audio Deepfake Detection13 Aug 2026
- 2026REIMU: Efficient Heterogeneous Hierarchical Reasoning for SSL-Based Speech Deepfake Detection1 Aug 2026
- 2026Teffic-Audio: Tell Fact from Fiction30 Jul 2026
- 2026VoxENES 2026: Benchmarking Generalization of Speech Spoofing Detectors Against LLM-Era TTS and Voice Conversion13 Jul 2026
- 2026Open-Set Source Tracing as Compositional Factors via Structured Prototypes3 Jul 2026
- 2026Detecting Audio Deepfakes on the Edge:Lightweight SSL-Based Detection in a Browser Plugin29 Jun 2026
- 2026Proteus: Automated Adversarial Robustness Testing for Audio Deepfake Detectors28 Jun 2026
- 2026What Do Deepfake Benchmarks Measure? An Audit Using Frozen Self-Supervised Representations24 Jun 2026
12 newest of 52 All 52 (JSON)