mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Automated Assessment of Students' Code Comprehension using LLMs

arXiv 2401.05399 ↗First posted 19 Dec 2023cs.CY cs.AI cs.CLcited by 1

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Abstract (arXiv)

Assessing student's answers and in particular natural language answers is a crucial challenge in the field of education. Advances in machine learning, including transformer-based models such as Large Language Models(LLMs), have led to significant progress in various natural language tasks. Nevertheless, amidst the growing trend of evaluating LLMs across diverse tasks, evaluating LLMs in the realm of automated answer assesment has not received much attention. To address this gap, we explore the potential of using LLMs for automated assessment of student's short and open-ended answer. Particularly, we use LLMs to compare students' explanations with expert explanations in the context of line-by-line explanations of computer programs. For comparison purposes, we assess both Large Language Models (LLMs) and encoder-based Semantic Textual Similarity (STS) models in the context of assessing the correctness of students' explanation of computer code. Our findings indicate that LLMs, when prompted in few-shot and chain-of-thought setting perform comparable to fine-tuned encoder-based models in evaluating students' short answers in programming domain.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 17 of its 34 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 19 Dec 2023.

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17 of 34 references.

References · 17

  1. 2020Language Models are Few-Shot Learnerscited by 32,419
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5 more
  1. 2022Automatic Generation of Programming Exercises and Code Explanations using Large Language Modelscited by 126
  2. 2022Experiences from Using Code Explanations Generated by Large Language Models in a Web Software Development E-Bookcited by 84
  3. 2023CodeHelp: Using Large Language Models with Guardrails for Scalable Support in Programming Classescited by 72
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  5. 2023Text Encoders Lack Knowledge: Leveraging Generative LLMs for Domain-Specific Semantic Textual Similaritycited by 11

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  1. 2025Analysis of instruction-based LLMs' capabilities to score and judge text-input problems in an academic setting
  2. 2024Can LLMs Identify Gaps and Misconceptions in Students' Code Explanations?
  3. 2024Evaluating Students' Open-ended Written Responses with LLMs: Using the RAG Framework for GPT-3.5, GPT-4, Claude-3, and Mistral-Large
  4. 2025Cross-Task Benchmarking and Evaluation of General-Purpose and Code-Specific Large Language Models ↗
  5. 2024CLR-Bench: Evaluating Large Language Models in College-level Reasoning
  6. 2025Explain-Query-Test: Self-Evaluating LLMs Via Explanation and Comprehension Discrepancy
  7. 2026Can LLM Reasoning Be Trusted? A Comparative Study: Using Human Benchmarking on Statistical Tasks
  8. 2024The Future of Learning in the Age of Generative AI: Automated Question Generation and Assessment with Large Language Models