mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

State-of-the-Art in Nudity Classification: A Comparative Analysis

arXiv 2312.16338 ↗First posted 26 Dec 2023cs.CV cs.AIcited by 3

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Abstract (arXiv)

This paper presents a comparative analysis of existing nudity classification techniques for classifying images based on the presence of nudity, with a focus on their application in content moderation. The evaluation focuses on CNN-based models, vision transformer, and popular open-source safety checkers from Stable Diffusion and Large-scale Artificial Intelligence Open Network (LAION). The study identifies the limitations of current evaluation datasets and highlights the need for more diverse and challenging datasets. The paper discusses the potential implications of these findings for developing more accurate and effective image classification systems on online platforms. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of continually improving image classification models to ensure the safety and well-being of platform users. The project page, including the demonstrations and results is publicly available at https://github.com/fcakyon/content-moderation-deep-learning.

Key facts. Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 12 of its 23 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Dec 2023.

Builds on

12 of 23 references.

References · 12

  1. 2020An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scalecited by 30,186
  2. 2021High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 18,863
  3. 2014Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognitioncited by 15,364
  4. 2016Densely Connected Convolutional Networkscited by 6,720
  5. 2015Rethinking the Inception Architecture for Computer Visioncited by 5,475
  6. 2018MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottleneckscited by 4,795
  7. 2022A ConvNet for the 2020scited by 3,579
  8. 2019Searching for MobileNetV3cited by 1,994
  9. 2021On-Device Content Moderationcited by 5
  10. 2016Smart Content Recognition from Images Using a Mixture of Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 4
  11. 2019A Multimodal CNN-based Tool to Censure Inappropriate Video Scenescited by 4
  12. 2022Deep Architectures for Content Moderation and Movie Content Ratingcited by 2

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2024: 2; 2025: 0; 2026: 1.

3 papers.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2025VModA: An Effective Framework for Adaptive NSFW Image Moderation
  2. 2026Old Tricks, New Models: How Simple Image Transformations Break Modern AI-based Content Moderation
  3. 2024UnsafeBench: Benchmarking Image Safety Classifiers on Real-World and AI-Generated Images
  4. 2023HOD: A Benchmark Dataset for Harmful Object Detection
  5. 2026From Celebrities to Anyone: Characterizing AI Nudification Content, Technology, and Community Dynamics on 4chan
  6. 2025ShieldGemma 2: Robust and Tractable Image Content Moderation
  7. 2024Detecting Facial Image Manipulations with Multi-Layer CNN Models
  8. 2024SafeGen: Mitigating Sexually Explicit Content Generation in Text-to-Image Models