On-Device Content Moderation
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
With the advent of internet, not safe for work(NSFW) content moderation is a major problem today. Since,smartphones are now part of daily life of billions of people,it becomes even more important to have a solution which coulddetect and suggest user about potential NSFW content present ontheir phone. In this paper we present a novel on-device solutionfor detecting NSFW images. In addition to conventional porno-graphic content moderation, we have also included semi-nudecontent moderation as it is still NSFW in a large demography.We have curated a dataset comprising of three major categories,namely nude, semi-nude and safe images. We have created anensemble of object detector and classifier for filtering of nudeand semi-nude contents. The solution provides unsafe body partannotations along with identification of semi-nude images. Weextensively tested our proposed solution on several public datasetand also on our custom dataset. The model achieves F1 scoreof 0.91 with 95% precision and 88% recall on our customNSFW16k dataset and 0.92 MAP on NPDI dataset. Moreover itachieves average 0.002 false positive rate on a collection of safeimage open datasets.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 14 of its 39 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 25 Jul 2021.
Builds on
14 of 39 references.
References · 14
- 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,498
- 2015Faster R-CNN: Towards Real-Time Object Detection with Region Proposal Networkscited by 9,617
- 2014ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challengecited by 8,441
- 2015You Only Look Once: Unified, Real-Time Object Detectioncited by 4,829
- 2018MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottleneckscited by 4,773
- 2014Going Deeper with Convolutionscited by 4,231
- 2017MobileNets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applicationscited by 3,827
- 2015SSD: Single Shot MultiBox Detectorcited by 3,125
- 2019Searching for MobileNetV3cited by 1,984
- 2016R-FCN: Object Detection via Region-based Fully Convolutional Networkscited by 414
- 2017The Marginal Value of Adaptive Gradient Methods in Machine Learningcited by 248
- 2016Speed/accuracy trade-offs for modern convolutional object detectorscited by 198
2 more
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 2; 2024: 0; 2025: 0; 2026: 1.
5 papers.
- 2022Leveraging Large-scale Multimedia Datasets to Refine Content Moderation Modelscited by 4
- 2023Artificial Intelligence for Web 3.0: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 4
- 2023State-of-the-Art in Nudity Classification: A Comparative Analysiscited by 3
- 2022Deep Architectures for Content Moderation and Movie Content Ratingcited by 2
- 2026Old Tricks, New Models: How Simple Image Transformations Break Modern AI-based Content Moderationcited by 0
- 2026Old Tricks, New Models: How Simple Image Transformations Break Modern AI-based Content Moderation30 Jul 2026
- 2023State-of-the-Art in Nudity Classification: A Comparative Analysis26 Dec 2023
- 2023Artificial Intelligence for Web 3.0: A Comprehensive Survey17 Aug 2023
- 2022Deep Architectures for Content Moderation and Movie Content Rating8 Dec 2022
- 2022Leveraging Large-scale Multimedia Datasets to Refine Content Moderation Models1 Dec 2022