Boosting the Power of Small Multimodal Reasoning Models to Match Larger Models with Self-Consistency Training
On the map: LLM reasoning → Multimodal reasoning
Abstract (arXiv)
Multimodal reasoning is a challenging task that requires models to reason across multiple modalities to answer questions. Existing approaches have made progress by incorporating language and visual modalities into a two-stage reasoning framework, separating rationale generation from answer inference. However, these approaches often fall short due to the inadequate quality of the generated rationales. In this work, we delve into the importance of rationales in model reasoning. We observe that when rationales are completely accurate, the model's accuracy significantly improves, highlighting the need for high-quality rationale generation. Motivated by this, we propose MC-CoT, a self-consistency training strategy that generates multiple rationales and answers, subsequently selecting the most accurate through a voting process. This approach not only enhances the quality of generated rationales but also leads to more accurate and robust answers. Through extensive experiments, we demonstrate that our approach significantly improves model performance across various benchmarks. Remarkably, we show that even smaller base models, when equipped with our proposed approach, can achieve results comparable to those of larger models, illustrating the potential of our approach in harnessing the power of rationales for improved multimodal reasoning. The code is available at https://github.com/chengtan9907/mc-cot.
Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Multimodal reasoning, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning. Builds on 27 of its 63 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Nov 2023.
Builds on
27 of 63 references.
Closest ancestors · 6
Same direction, newest first
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- 2023Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Language Models2 Feb
- 2023See, Think, Confirm: Interactive Prompting Between Vision and Language Models for Knowledge-based Visual Reasoning12 Jan
Other references · 21
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- 2023Tree of Thoughts: Deliberate Problem Solving with Large Language Modelscited by 3,211
- 2022Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Modelscited by 3,024
- 2023Qwen-VL: A Versatile Vision-Language Model for Understanding, Localization, Text Reading, and Beyondcited by 2,224
- 2023MME: A Comprehensive Evaluation Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 1,652
- 2023PaLM 2 Technical Reportcited by 1,162
- 2021A General Language Assistant as a Laboratory for Alignmentcited by 1,055
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- 2023LLaMA-Adapter: Efficient Fine-tuning of Language Models with Zero-init Attentioncited by 781
- 2022Towards Reasoning in Large Language Models: A Surveycited by 596
- 2023Chameleon: Plug-and-Play Compositional Reasoning with Large Language Modelscited by 356
- 2021IconQA: A New Benchmark for Abstract Diagram Understanding and Visual Language Reasoningcited by 267
- 2023Skeleton-of-Thought: Prompting LLMs for Efficient Parallel Generationcited by 105
- 2023Cheap and Quick: Efficient Vision-Language Instruction Tuning for Large Language Modelscited by 101
- 2023SCITUNE: Aligning Large Language Models with Human-Curated Scientific Multimodal Instructionscited by 19
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 6; 2025: 11; 2026: 5.
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- 2025Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 182
- 2024M3CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thoughtcited by 121
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- 2026Visual Saliency Steering Distillation for Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026Efficient Reasoning Distillation: Small Video-Language Models via Synthetic CoT and Difficulty-Aware Fine-Tuningcited by 0
- 2026From Stages to States: Unified Iterative Reasoning for MLLMscited by 0
- 2026From Stages to States: Unified Iterative Reasoning for MLLMs11 Oct 2026
- 2026Efficient Reasoning Distillation: Small Video-Language Models via Synthetic CoT and Difficulty-Aware Fine-Tuning14 Sep 2026
- 2026Visual Saliency Steering Distillation for Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning24 Jul 2026
- 2026Look on Demand: A Cognitive Scheduling Framework for Visual Evidence Acquisition in Multimodal Reasoning27 May 2026
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- 2025GGBench: A Geometric Generative Reasoning Benchmark for Unified Multimodal Models14 Nov 2025
- 2025Thought-For-Food: Reasoning Chain Induced Food Visual Question Answering3 Nov 2025
- 2025Look Less, Reason More: Rollout-Guided Adaptive Pixel-Space Reasoning2 Oct 2025
- 2025From Perception to Cognition: A Survey of Vision-Language Interactive Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models29 Sep 2025
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- 2025Chiron-o1: Igniting Multimodal Large Language Models towards Generalizable Medical Reasoning via Mentor-Intern Collaborative Search20 Jun 2025
10 more
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- 2024Peer Review as A Multi-Turn and Long-Context Dialogue with Role-Based Interactions9 Jun 2024
- 2024Integrating Text and Image Pre-training for Multi-modal Algorithmic Reasoning8 Jun 2024
- 2024Retrieval Meets Reasoning: Even High-school Textbook Knowledge Benefits Multimodal Reasoning31 May 2024
- 2024M3CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thought26 May 2024
- 2024Survey of Natural Language Processing for Education: Taxonomy, Systematic Review, and Future Trends15 Jan 2024
- 2025Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 182
- 2024M3CoT: A Novel Benchmark for Multi-Domain Multi-step Multi-modal Chain-of-Thoughtcited by 121
- 2025From Perception to Cognition: A Survey of Vision-Language Interactive Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 26
- 2025Chiron-o1: Igniting Multimodal Large Language Models towards Generalizable Medical Reasoning via Mentor-Intern Collaborative Searchcited by 16
- 2024Retrieval Meets Reasoning: Even High-school Textbook Knowledge Benefits Multimodal Reasoningcited by 14
- 2025Geoint-R1: Formalizing Multimodal Geometric Reasoning with Dynamic Auxiliary Constructionscited by 11
- 2025Look Less, Reason More: Rollout-Guided Adaptive Pixel-Space Reasoningcited by 9
- 2025ChartMind: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Complex Real-world Multimodal Chart Question Answeringcited by 7
- 2025On Data Synthesis and Post-training for Visual Abstract Reasoningcited by 3
- 2025MIND: Multi-rationale INtegrated Discriminative Reasoning Framework for Multi-modal Large Modelscited by 1
- 2026Look on Demand: A Cognitive Scheduling Framework for Visual Evidence Acquisition in Multimodal Reasoningcited by 1
- 2025Thought-For-Food: Reasoning Chain Induced Food Visual Question Answeringcited by 0
12 most cited of 15 All 15 (JSON)
- 2026From Stages to States: Unified Iterative Reasoning for MLLMs11 Oct 2026
- 2026Efficient Reasoning Distillation: Small Video-Language Models via Synthetic CoT and Difficulty-Aware Fine-Tuning14 Sep 2026
- 2026Visual Saliency Steering Distillation for Multimodal Chain-of-Thought Reasoning24 Jul 2026
- 2026Look on Demand: A Cognitive Scheduling Framework for Visual Evidence Acquisition in Multimodal Reasoning27 May 2026
- 2025MIND: Multi-rationale INtegrated Discriminative Reasoning Framework for Multi-modal Large Models5 Dec 2025
- 2025Thought-For-Food: Reasoning Chain Induced Food Visual Question Answering3 Nov 2025
- 2025Look Less, Reason More: Rollout-Guided Adaptive Pixel-Space Reasoning2 Oct 2025
- 2025From Perception to Cognition: A Survey of Vision-Language Interactive Reasoning in Multimodal Large Language Models29 Sep 2025
- 2025Geoint-R1: Formalizing Multimodal Geometric Reasoning with Dynamic Auxiliary Constructions5 Aug 2025
- 2025Chiron-o1: Igniting Multimodal Large Language Models towards Generalizable Medical Reasoning via Mentor-Intern Collaborative Search20 Jun 2025
- 2025ChartMind: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Complex Real-world Multimodal Chart Question Answering29 May 2025
- 2025On Data Synthesis and Post-training for Visual Abstract Reasoning2 Apr 2025
12 newest of 15 All 15 (JSON)
- 2025A Survey on (M)LLM-Based GUI Agentscited by 62
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- 2024CROME: Cross-Modal Adapters for Efficient Multimodal LLMcited by 4
- 2024CROME: Cross-Modal Adapters for Efficient Multimodal LLM13 Aug 2024
- 2024Peer Review as A Multi-Turn and Long-Context Dialogue with Role-Based Interactionscited by 46
- 2025GGBench: A Geometric Generative Reasoning Benchmark for Unified Multimodal Modelscited by 6
- 2024Survey of Natural Language Processing for Education: Taxonomy, Systematic Review, and Future Trendscited by 3
- 2026PaperFit: Vision-in-the-Loop Typesetting Optimization for Scientific Documentscited by 1
- 2024Integrating Text and Image Pre-training for Multi-modal Algorithmic Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026PaperFit: Vision-in-the-Loop Typesetting Optimization for Scientific Documents11 May 2026
- 2025GGBench: A Geometric Generative Reasoning Benchmark for Unified Multimodal Models14 Nov 2025
- 2024Peer Review as A Multi-Turn and Long-Context Dialogue with Role-Based Interactions9 Jun 2024
- 2024Integrating Text and Image Pre-training for Multi-modal Algorithmic Reasoning8 Jun 2024
- 2024Survey of Natural Language Processing for Education: Taxonomy, Systematic Review, and Future Trends15 Jan 2024
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