AI-generated text boundary detection with RoFT
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Abstract (arXiv)
Due to the rapid development of large language models, people increasingly often encounter texts that may start as written by a human but continue as machine-generated. Detecting the boundary between human-written and machine-generated parts of such texts is a challenging problem that has not received much attention in literature. We attempt to bridge this gap and examine several ways to adapt state of the art artificial text detection classifiers to the boundary detection setting. We push all detectors to their limits, using the Real or Fake text benchmark that contains short texts on several topics and includes generations of various language models. We use this diversity to deeply examine the robustness of all detectors in cross-domain and cross-model settings to provide baselines and insights for future research. In particular, we find that perplexity-based approaches to boundary detection tend to be more robust to peculiarities of domain-specific data than supervised fine-tuning of the RoBERTa model; we also find which features of the text confuse boundary detection algorithms and negatively influence their performance in cross-domain settings.
Key facts. Cited by 20 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 29 of its 57 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 14 Nov 2023.
Builds on
29 of 57 references.
References · 29
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17 more
- 2023Intrinsic Dimension Estimation for Robust Detection of AI-Generated Textscited by 111
- 2023Testing of Detection Tools for AI-Generated Textcited by 86
- 2021Intrinsic Dimension, Persistent Homology and Generalization in Neural Networkscited by 70
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 3; 2025: 11; 2026: 6.
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- 2025EditLens: Quantifying the Extent of AI Editing in Textcited by 26
- 2025DAMAGE: Detecting Adversarially Modified AI Generated Textcited by 20
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- 2025Feature-Level Insights into Artificial Text Detection with Sparse Autoencoderscited by 14
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- 2026D2C-Routing: Dimension-to-Composition Evidence Routing for Mixed-Origin AI-Generated Text Detectioncited by 0
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- 2026LA-CPD: Local-Evidence-Aware Change-Point Detection for Human-LLM Authorship Segmentation27 Sep 2026
- 2026D2C-Routing: Dimension-to-Composition Evidence Routing for Mixed-Origin AI-Generated Text Detection27 Aug 2026
- 2026Detecting LLM-Generated Tokens in Human--LLM Coauthored Text23 Jul 2026
- 2026SV-Detect: AI-generated Text Detection with Steering Vectors5 Jun 2026
- 2026Segmenting Human-LLM Co-authored Text via Change Point Detection5 May 2026
- 2026IDLM: Inverse-distilled Diffusion Language Models22 Feb 2026
- 2025DAMASHA: Detecting AI in Mixed Adversarial Texts via Segmentation with Human-interpretable Attribution4 Dec 2025
- 2025Unveiling Intrinsic Dimension of Texts: from Academic Abstract to Creative Story19 Nov 2025
- 2025DETree: DEtecting Human-AI Collaborative Texts via Tree-Structured Hierarchical Representation Learning20 Oct 2025
- 2025EditLens: Quantifying the Extent of AI Editing in Text3 Oct 2025
- 2025Mixture of Detectors: A Compact View of Machine-Generated Text Detection26 Sep 2025
- 2025LLMTrace: A Corpus for Classification and Fine-Grained Localization of AI-Written Text25 Sep 2025
8 more
- 2025Fine-Grained Detection of AI-Generated Text Using Sentence-Level Segmentation22 Sep 2025
- 2025HACo-Det: A Study Towards Fine-Grained Machine-Generated Text Detection under Human-AI Coauthoring3 Jun 2025
- 2025FAID: Fine-Grained AI-Generated Text Detection Using Multi-Task Auxiliary and Multi-Level Contrastive Learning20 May 2025
- 2025Feature-Level Insights into Artificial Text Detection with Sparse Autoencoders5 Mar 2025
- 2025DAMAGE: Detecting Adversarially Modified AI Generated Text6 Jan 2025
- 2024Glimpse: Enabling White-Box Methods to Use Proprietary Models for Zero-Shot LLM-Generated Text Detection16 Dec 2024
- 2024Topological Data Analysis Applications in Natural Language Processing: A Survey15 Nov 2024
- 2024GigaCheck: Detecting LLM-generated Content via Object-Centric Span Localization31 Oct 2024
- 2026IDLM: Inverse-distilled Diffusion Language Modelscited by 5
- 2026IDLM: Inverse-distilled Diffusion Language Models22 Feb 2026
- 2025EditLens: Quantifying the Extent of AI Editing in Textcited by 26
- 2025DAMAGE: Detecting Adversarially Modified AI Generated Textcited by 20
- 2024Glimpse: Enabling White-Box Methods to Use Proprietary Models for Zero-Shot LLM-Generated Text Detectioncited by 14
- 2025Feature-Level Insights into Artificial Text Detection with Sparse Autoencoderscited by 14
- 2025HACo-Det: A Study Towards Fine-Grained Machine-Generated Text Detection under Human-AI Coauthoringcited by 14
- 2025DETree: DEtecting Human-AI Collaborative Texts via Tree-Structured Hierarchical Representation Learningcited by 12
- 2025FAID: Fine-Grained AI-Generated Text Detection Using Multi-Task Auxiliary and Multi-Level Contrastive Learningcited by 5
- 2025DAMASHA: Detecting AI in Mixed Adversarial Texts via Segmentation with Human-interpretable Attributioncited by 5
- 2026Segmenting Human-LLM Co-authored Text via Change Point Detectioncited by 5
- 2024GigaCheck: Detecting LLM-generated Content via Object-Centric Span Localizationcited by 3
- 2025Fine-Grained Detection of AI-Generated Text Using Sentence-Level Segmentationcited by 3
- 2024Topological Data Analysis Applications in Natural Language Processing: A Surveycited by 2
12 most cited of 19 All 19 (JSON)
- 2026LA-CPD: Local-Evidence-Aware Change-Point Detection for Human-LLM Authorship Segmentation27 Sep 2026
- 2026D2C-Routing: Dimension-to-Composition Evidence Routing for Mixed-Origin AI-Generated Text Detection27 Aug 2026
- 2026Detecting LLM-Generated Tokens in Human--LLM Coauthored Text23 Jul 2026
- 2026SV-Detect: AI-generated Text Detection with Steering Vectors5 Jun 2026
- 2026Segmenting Human-LLM Co-authored Text via Change Point Detection5 May 2026
- 2025DAMASHA: Detecting AI in Mixed Adversarial Texts via Segmentation with Human-interpretable Attribution4 Dec 2025
- 2025Unveiling Intrinsic Dimension of Texts: from Academic Abstract to Creative Story19 Nov 2025
- 2025DETree: DEtecting Human-AI Collaborative Texts via Tree-Structured Hierarchical Representation Learning20 Oct 2025
- 2025EditLens: Quantifying the Extent of AI Editing in Text3 Oct 2025
- 2025Mixture of Detectors: A Compact View of Machine-Generated Text Detection26 Sep 2025
- 2025LLMTrace: A Corpus for Classification and Fine-Grained Localization of AI-Written Text25 Sep 2025
- 2025Fine-Grained Detection of AI-Generated Text Using Sentence-Level Segmentation22 Sep 2025
12 newest of 19 All 19 (JSON)