Dynamic Association Learning of Self-Attention and Convolution in Image Restoration

CNNs and Self attention have achieved great success in multimedia applications for dynamic association learning of self-attention and convolution in image restoration. However, CNNs have at least two shortcomings: 1) limited receptive field; 2) static weight of sliding window at inference, unable to cope with the content diversity.In view of the advantages and disadvantages of CNNs and Self attention, this paper proposes an association learning method to utilize the advantages and suppress their shortcomings, so as to achieve high-quality and efficient inpainting. We regard rain distribution reflects the degradation location and degree, in addition to the rain distribution prediction. Thus, we propose to refine background textures with the predicted degradation prior in an association learning manner. As a result, we accomplish image deraining by associating rain streak removal and background recovery, where an image deraining network and a background recovery network are designed for two subtasks. The key part of association learning is a novel multi-input attention module. It generates the degradation prior and produces the degradation mask according to the predicted rainy distribution. Benefited from the global correlation calculation of SA, MAM can extract the informative complementary components from the rainy input with the degradation mask, and then help accurate texture restoration. Meanwhile, SA tends to aggregate feature maps with self-attention importance, but convolution diversifies them to focus on the local textures. A hybrid fusion network involves one residual Transformer branch and one encoder-decoder branch. The former takes a few learnable tokens as input and stacks multi-head attention and feed-forward networks to encode global features of the image. The latter, conversely, leverages the multi-scale encoder-decoder to represent contexture knowledge.